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DEMOBILIZATION

DEMOBILIZATION. Inflation/Recession. Recession goods become unaffordable. People lose jobs, etc. Economy settles. Inflation is when prices go up because the value of the dollar goes down. More people had more money. Economic Turbulence. Demographic Change.

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DEMOBILIZATION

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  1. DEMOBILIZATION

  2. Inflation/Recession Recession goods become unaffordable. People lose jobs, etc. Economy settles. Inflation is when prices go up because the value of the dollar goes down. More people had more money Economic Turbulence

  3. Demographic Change People at home – shift in population. Great Migration, Mexicans, Returning Servicemen not going back to the farm. People at work – women & minorities were expected to leave jobs for returning servicemen Social turbulence

  4. STRIKES1919 Seattle (Jan.) Boston (Sept) “Anybody, Anywhere, Anytime” Steel (Sept) Blamed on Anarchists And Immigrants

  5. Red Scare Threat from Communists/Bolsheviks & Anarchists Government crackdown. Rise of Nativism and discrimination against immigrants. Rise of KKK

  6. RED SCARE Mitchell Palmer, US Attorney General Palmer Raids

  7. Sacco & Vanzetti

  8. Election of 1920 Warren G. Harding “Normalcy” VS. Gov. (Ohio) James Cox Follower of Wilson and defender of joining the League of Nations Harding wins easily

  9. Harding Administration“pro-business” Sect. of Treasury Andrew Mellon Sect. of Commerce Herbert Hoover Government should not “interfere” with economy EXCEPT to aid business.

  10. Economic Goals Reduce National Debt Promote Economic Growth 1. They cut federal spending and turned the annual deficit into a surplus. 2. Eliminate high taxes on wealthy to promote “trickle down” effect

  11. OHIO GANG Charles Forbes, Director of Veteran’s Bureau Harry Daugherty, Attorney General Albert Fall, Sect. of Interior Teapot Dome Scandal Leasing govt. oil reserves to private oil companies Fall becomes first cabinet member to go to jail for crimes committed while in office

  12. Calvin Coolidge Becomes president after Harding’s death on August 2, 1923 Worked to restore reputation of presidency and easily won re-election in 1924 Progressives made final showing “The business of America is business.” Conservative, no-nonsense style

  13. Election of 1928 • Herbert Hoover defeated Gov. Al Smith from NY • Traditional Midwest values vs. liberal city politics, immigrants and Catholics

  14. Effects of Republican Policies Economic “boom” fueled by tax cuts and mergers Farmers did not share in “boom” Workers wages only grew 10% Organized labor suffered “American Plan” for open shops led to decline in union membership

  15. Equal Rights Amendment • Introduced by National Women’s Party in 1923 • Would have ended “protective” legislation for women Divided support among women Most support came from middle class professionals. Debate continued until 1973 when it failed to gain approval from the states.

  16. A Nation Divided Native Americans successfully organized to fight new efforts to take tribal lands. Dawes Act failed to “Americanize” Indians Native Americans gained citizenship in 1924.

  17. A Nation Divided By 1930, approx 2.5 million African-Americans lived in northern cities. Harlem becomes the “capital of Black America”. They still faced discrimination and violence

  18. A Nation Divided • Race riots occurred all over the country • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People fought for equal rights through the legal system

  19. A Nation Divided Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914. A. Philip Randolph founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925.

  20. A Nation Divided • UNIA • Foster economic independence by establishing black-owned businesses • Create an independent black homeland in Africa • Black Star Steamship Company formed in 1919 • Garvey jailed in 1925 for mail fraud; deported in 1927.

  21. Return of Ku Klux Klan Re-established in 1915 in Stone Mountain, GA Quickly expanded outside the South Additionally targeted radicals, immigrants, Catholics, and Jews

  22. Return of Ku Klux Klan Its membership grew to over 5 million people during the Red Scare Very involved in politics Membership dropped to approx 9000 by 1930

  23. Immigration Restrictions • 1921 Congress passed law setting quota at 3% of 1910 population. Asians excluded completely. • Immigration Act of 1924 reduced quota to 2% of 1890 (worked against S & E Europe). Allowed 100 Chinese & 100 Japanese • Quota reduced again in 1925

  24. Mexican American Migration Mexicans not affected by anti-immigration quotas. Approx 500,000 Mexicans came north, most working low wage jobs in agriculture

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