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Male Reproductive Medicine

12. Male Reproductive Medicine. Male Reproductive Medicine. The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the male genitourinary system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat male reproductive diseases. Anatomy and Physiology.

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Male Reproductive Medicine

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  1. 12 Male Reproductive Medicine

  2. Male Reproductive Medicine The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the male genitourinary system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat male reproductive diseases.

  3. Anatomy and Physiology External Genitalia: -Scrotum -Testes -Epididymides -Penis -Urethra Internal Genitalia: -Vas deferens -Seminal vesicles -Ejaculatory ducts -Prostate gland -Bulbourethral glands The male genitourinary system shares the urethra with the urinary system and is also known as the urogenital system. (Male video clip)

  4. Figure 12-2 External and internal male genitalia

  5. Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System Scrotum -Soft pouch of skin behind the penis and in front of the legs. -Few degrees cooler than the core body temperature. -Muscles in wall of the scrotum contract or relax to move the scrotum closer to, or farther away from, the body to adjust to temperature changes. -contains two testes or gonads (sex glands.)

  6. Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System Testis: -Function as part of the male genitourinary system and the endocrine system. -Contains the seminiferous tubules that produce spermatozoa, or sperm. -Acts as a gland and secretes the hormone testosterone.

  7. Epididymis -A long, coiled tube (over 20 feet) that is attached to the outer wall of each testis. -Within the epididymis, the head of each spermatozoon is given a cap-like layer of enzymes that helps it penetrate and fertilize the ovum of the female. -Destroys defective spermatozoa

  8. Figure 12-3 Structures of the testis and penis.

  9. Figure 12-4 Descent of the testes

  10. Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and Ejaculatory Duct -The vas deferens is a long duct that receives spermatozoa from the epididymis. -Spermatozoa can be stored in the vas deferens for several months in an inactive state. -The vas deferens merges with a seminal vesicle.

  11. Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and Ejaculatory Duct -The seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid, which makes up most of the volume of semen. -The ejaculatory duct is a large collecting duct that holds spermatozoa and seminal fluid. -The ejaculatory duct enters the prostate gland, then joins the urethra within the prostate gland.

  12. Prostate Gland -Round gland at the base of the bladder that produces prostatic fluid. -Prostatic fluid contains an antibiotic substance that kills bacteria and also contains acid phosphatase, an enzyme that breaks the deposit of semen apart and releases the spermatozoa in the woman’s vagina.

  13. Bulbourethral Glands -Small, bulblike glands about the size of peas, located on either side of the urethra just below the prostate gland. -Produce thick mucus that makes up some of the volume of the semen and neutralizes the acidity of any urine remaining in the urethra at the time of ejaculation.

  14. Penis -Functions as an organ of the male genitourinary system and the urinary system. -In uncircumcised males, the urethral meatus is covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, of the penis. -Three columns of erectile tissue fill with blood during sexual arousal, causing the penis to become firm and erect.

  15. Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Sexual Maturity, and Ejaculation Spermatogenesis: -At the onset of puberty, the anterior pituitary gland in the brain begins to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to stimulate the testes. -FSH stimulates spermatocytes in the testes to begin dividing. -LH stimulates the interstitial cells to begin to secrete testosterone.

  16. Sexual Maturity: -Testosterone causes the male sexual characteristics to develop: enlargement of the external genitalia development of large muscles deepening of the voice growth of body hair on the face, chest axillae, and genital areas development of the sexual drive

  17. Ejaculation -Thoughts or sensations initiate sexual arousal. -Smooth muscle relaxes in the wall of arteries in the penis, and vasodilation increases blood flow within the penis. -The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum distend with blood and produce an erection. -Muscles at the base of the penis contract -Spermatozoa mix with seminal fluid, move into the urethra, and are mixed with mucus from the bulbourethral glands. -A series of contractions cause semen to be expelled from the penis through the urethral meatus.

  18. Figure 12-5 Testosterone

  19. Diseases and Conditions Testis and Epididymis: Cryptorchidism Epididymitis Infertility Oligospermia Orchitis Testicular cancer Varicocele

  20. Figure 12-6 Oligospermia Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

  21. Diseases and Conditions Prostate Gland: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Cancer of the prostate gland Prostatitis

  22. Diseases and Conditions Penis Balanitis Chordee Dyspareunia Erectile dysfunction (ED) Phimosis Premature ejaculation Priapism Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

  23. Table 12-1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  24. Table 12-1 (cont’d) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  25. Table 12-1 (cont’d) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  26. Table 12-1 (cont’d) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  27. Table 12-1 (cont’d) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  28. Diseases and Conditions Male Breast: Gynecomastia

  29. Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Blood Tests: Acid phosphatase Hormone testing Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Syphilis testing

  30. Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Semen Tests Acid phosphatase DNA analysis Semen analysis

  31. Figure 12-8 Spermatozoa John Walsh/Photo Researchers, Inc.

  32. Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Radiologic Tests ProstaScint scan Ultrasonography

  33. Medical and Surgical Procedures Surgical Procedures: Digital rectal examination (DRE) Newborn genital examination Testicular self-examination (TSE) Biopsy Circumcision Orchiectomy Orchiopexy Penile implant Prostatectomy Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Vasectomy

  34. Figure 12-10 Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

  35. Drug Categories These categories of drugs are used to treat male genitourinary Diseases and Conditions: Androgen drugs Antiviral drugs Drugs for benign prostatic hypertrophy Drugs for erectile dysfunction

  36. Abbreviations

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