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Intro to Living Environment

Intro to Living Environment. I. Nature of Life. Living things, organisms, are all different, but they share some common characteristics These characteristics are called life processes. I. Nature of Life. What are 9 characteristics that ALL living things have in common?. II. Life Processes.

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Intro to Living Environment

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  1. Intro to Living Environment

  2. I. Nature of Life • Living things, organisms, are all different, but they share some common characteristics • These characteristics are called life processes.

  3. I. Nature of Life • What are 9 characteristics that ALL living things have in common?

  4. II. Life Processes • Nutrition – the intake of food • Transport – movement of materials in an organism • Cyclosis – mvmt of materials in cytoplasm of a cell • Respiration – getting energy from food (aerobic / anaerobic) • Excretion – removal of wastes

  5. II. Life Processes • Synthesis – combining small compounds into larger ones (make enzymes, fats, proteins) • Regulation – control of activities within an org • Growth – increase in size • Reproduction – create another org

  6. III. Metabolism vs Homeostasis • Metabolism – all of the chemical reactions within an org (all life processes together) • Homeostasis – “same, level”, org trying to maintain a constant internal env while the outside env is changing

  7. IV. Scientific Method • Used by scientists to solve problems • Steps • State the problem – in the form of a question “What is the effect of light on plant growth?” • Propose a hypothesis – “If ___, then___.” If light increases then the plant will increase growth

  8. IV. Scientific Method • Design a Controlled Experiment – must have: • Control Group – group where everything is constant except for the variable being tested. “Plants exposed to normal light (or no light)” • Independent Variable – the factor changed by the scientist (amount of light) • Dependent Variable – the factor that responds to the change, the data (amount of plant growth)

  9. IV. Scientific Method • Make Observations – take measurements or use senses and record in an organized manner (data table) • State a Conclusion – the answer to the problem, backed up by the data “Plants grow more in increased light.” • Repeat the Experiment – repeat to see if same conclusion is reached • To make an experiment more valid one needs to: • Repeat the experiment • Use more subjects

  10. OBSERVATIONS: Flies land on meat that is left uncovered. Later, maggots appear on the meat. HYPOTHESIS: Flies produce maggots. PROCEDURE Uncovered jars Covered jars Several days pass Maggots appear No maggots appear Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation Controlled Variables: jars, type of meat, location, temperature, time Independent Variable: gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat Dependent Variable: whether maggots appear CONCLUSION: Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. Spontaneous generation of maggots did not occur.

  11. Spallazani’s Experiment Flask is open. Gravy is teeming with microorganisms. Gravy is boiled. Flask is sealed. Gravy is free of microorganisms. Gravy is boiled.

  12. Pasteur’s Experiment Broth is boiled. Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms.

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