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The Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment. What does it mean to be “enlightened”?. To gain knowledge and wisdom: to be freed from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition. What is the Enlightenment commonly referred to as?. The Age of Reason. What is “reason”?. To think logically.

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The Age of Enlightenment

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  1. The Age of Enlightenment

  2. What does it mean to be “enlightened”?

  3. To gain knowledge and wisdom: to be freed from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition

  4. What is the Enlightenment commonly referred to as?

  5. The Age of Reason

  6. What is “reason”?

  7. To think logically

  8. How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from scientists?

  9. They applied reason to the “human world” not just the natural world! The Human world includes government and law Natural World: Scientists applied reason to it using the scientific method

  10. When was the Enlightenment?

  11. 1600-1800 17th and 18th centuries

  12. How were the Enlightenment and Renaissance similar?

  13. Both studied the ideas and art of ancient Greece and Rome.

  14. What new form of literature evolved during the Age of Enlightenment?

  15. The novel The most popular novel author today is John Grisham Tom Clancy is also very popular today

  16. Who wrote Don Quixote?

  17. Cervantes Cervantes was from Spain

  18. What was Don Quixote about?

  19. It was a story about an idiotic knight--the book made fun of knights and the middle ages

  20. What was significant about Don Quixote?

  21. It was the first novel (fiction-- not a true story)

  22. What Age of Enlightenment book did Thomas Hobbes write?

  23. Leviathan A Leviathan is a huge “sea monster”

  24. What did Hobbes argue was the best form of government in Leviathan?

  25. Absolutism: to manage behavior The Leviathan, or sea monster, represents the all powerful government Hobbes believed exist to avoid chaos Hobbes absolute ruler

  26. Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government? The mystery author!

  27. John Locke

  28. A. What did Locke argue was the best form of Government? B. Why?

  29. A. democracy B.Locke believed in democracy because he argued the people were SOVEREIGN--the people have ultimate power

  30. What three rights did Locke say the Government MUST protect?

  31. Life, liberty, and property

  32. What affects did John Locke have on the United States?

  33. He influenced the Declaration of Independence. “among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

  34. Who wrote The Spirit of Laws? Who is this author?

  35. Baron de Montesquieu Montesquieu was from France

  36. What idea about the structure of government did Montesquieu express in Spirit?

  37. “separation of powers” --3 branches of government

  38. Why did Montesquieu advocate “separation of powers”?

  39. In order to avoid one person gaining all the power (NO ABSOLUTISM!)

  40. If Montesqueiu is AGAINSTabsolutism, then which thinker does he disagree with?

  41. Thomas Hobbes A Leviathan: The absolute government

  42. What affect did Montesquieu have on the United States ?

  43. Montesquieu influenced the U.S. Constitution The Constitution sets up three branches of Government, just as Montesquieu recommended.

  44. What was Voltaire famous for saying?

  45. “I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it”

  46. What does this quote defend?

  47. Freedom of speech and religion

  48. What was Voltaire’s opinion on the relationship between religion and the government?

  49. There should be “separation of church and state” Church State

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