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Solar System

Solar System. Next. Next. Click here for definition. The Solar System consists of: Sun objects that move around it Planets their moons Asteroids (small rocky bodies) Our Sun is a star at the center of our solar system.

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Solar System

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  1. Solar System Next

  2. Next Click here for definition • The Solar System consists of: • Sun • objects that move around it • Planets • their moons • Asteroids(small rocky bodies) • Our Sun is a star at the center of our solar system. • Every object in the system follows their own independent • path, orORBITaround the Sun. • GREATVIDEO: Explore the Solar System! SOLAR SYSTEM definition

  3. Next Moon

  4. The Moon • Some planets have more than one moon • Some planets have none • A moon is a satellite • A body that orbits a larger body • Artificial satellites also circle earth • The moon takes approx. 29 ½ days to circle earth • Roughly 1 month definition

  5. Our Sun • Our sun is small compared to some other stars • 100 times the diameter of our planet • 93 million miles from earth

  6. Next Earth

  7. Geographers study Earth’s rotation, revolution Next & the tilt of its • to understand why: • tropics are warm • arctic regions are cold • day is warmer than night axis

  8. Rotation

  9. Next • ROTATION • One complete spin of Earth on its axis is called rotation. • Each rotation takes 24 hours, or one day. • Earth turns on its axis, (but to us it appears that the Sun is moving) definition

  10. FACT Next The Earth’s rotation is slowing down very slightly over time… …about one second every 10 years.

  11. Revolution

  12. Next • REVOLUTION • One complete orbit around the sun. • It takes the Earth one year, orone revolution, to orbit the Sun • More precisely, it takes 365 ¼ days • LEAP YEAR • Everyfourth yearbecomes leap year • An extra day-February 29th– is added • Allows for this fraction of a day • Keeps the calendar accurate definition

  13. Next How fast is the earth revolving around the sun? QUESTION… ANSWER… • The Earth • revolves around the Sun at a speed of about 18.5 miles/sec

  14. Axis

  15. Next • AXIS • An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole through Earth’s center to the South Pole. • Earth’s axis is tilted, orslanted, at anangle of 23.5˚ • Because of Earth’s tilt, as Earth revolves around the Sun… • the angle at which the Sun’s rays strike • the planet is constantly changing definition

  16. Next How fast is the earth spinning around its axis? QUESTION… ANSWER… • At the equator, the Earth's surface moves 40,000 kilometers in 24 hrs • A speed of about 1040 miles/hr • toward either pole, this speed decreases to almost zero • (since the circumference of the spinning • circle at the extreme latitudes approaches zero)

  17. Next • Day • It takes the Earth 23.93 hours to rotate around its axis once YearIt takes the Earth 365.26 days to orbit the Sun once.

  18. Summary Next Earth spins on its axis: aninvisible line through the center of the Earth. North Pole: The northernmost point of this axis South Pole: The southernmost point of this axis Equator: invisible line that encircles the widest point of the Earth The Equator is the same distance away from each pole at every point along it.

  19. Seasons

  20. Next TROPICS Areas in the low latitudes near the equator Sun’s rays are nearly vertical throughout the year. POLAR REGIONS: Areas near the North and South Poles The Sun’s rays are always at a low angle. Result; Poles are generally the coldest places on earth (click below for “illustrated” definitions) The Arctic Circle: Circles the North Pole Antarctic Circle: Circles the South Pole

  21. SEASONS • A year is divided into periods of time called seasons: • Each season is known for certain type of weather based on… • temperature • amount of precipitation • Seasons Change as Earth orbits the Sun • The amount of solar energy received , changes Next

  22. Next

  23. Solstice

  24. Next The Earth orbits, on average, 93 million miles from the Sun. June 21st December 21st • Solstices: • The 2 days when the Sun’s vertical rays are farthest from the equator • Solstices occur twice a year: • June 21 • December 21

  25. Next • NORTHERN HEMISPHERE • Summer solstice • the Sun's rays strike Earth directly at theTropic of Cancer • June 21st • longest day of the year • beginning of summer • Winter solstice • shortest day of the year • December 21st, • North Pole is pointed away from the Sun • the Sun’s rays strike Earth directly at the Tropic of Capricorn • SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE • the seasons are reversed • winter solstice is June 21 • summer solstice is December 21 • MIDDLE LATITUDE REGIONS • lie between: • the Tropic of Cancer & the Arctic Circle • the tropic of Capricorn & the Antarctic Circle. CLICK for “illustrated” definitions CLICK for “illustrated” definitions

  26. Next • SOLSTICESANDTHE SUN... • From mid-Autumn into mid-Winter, • the South pole is tilted toward the sun; • this is when the Northern hemisphere experiences shorter hours of daylight. • The South pole now experiences the 24-hour daylight, right around the time of the Winter solstice.

  27. Next • SOLSTICESAND THE SUN... • From mid-Spring through mid-Summer, • the North pole is tilted toward the sun; • this is when the Northern hemisphere experiences longer hours of daylight. • The North Pole has several days of total sunlight right around the solstice

  28. Next Earth's axis tilt & equatorial plane compared with its plane of orbit CLICK HERE for an Excellent Video on Equinoxes and Solstices etc.

  29. Equinox

  30. definition Equinoxes The two days of the year when the Sun’s rays strike the equator directly.

  31. NORTHERN HEMISPHERE • Spring Equinox • the Sun's rays strike Earth directly • Every place on earth has 12 hrs of day & 12 hrs of night • Mark the beginning of spring • “Vernal equinox” • March 21st • Fall Equinox • the Sun's rays strike Earth directly • Every place on earth has 12 hrs of day & 12 hrs of night • Mark the beginning of fall • “Autumnal Equinox” • September 22nd • SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE • the seasons are reversed • Spring equinox is September 22nd • Fall equinox is March 21st Next

  32. Next • The Earth System • The interactions of forces and materials on the planet. • Contains four parts; • Atmosphere:Layer of gases- the air- that surrounds earth • Lithosphere • Hydrosphere • Biosphere • Gases include; • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • The atmosphere also contains: • OZONE: A form of oxygen in the atmosphere that helps • protect Earth from harmful solar radiation. definition definition

  33. Summary Here you see the Earth rotating on its axis, and also revolving around the sun. The solstices & equinoxes will briefly flash on the screen for each time of year Next “Solstice and Equinox” Click here for a GREAT interactive

  34. The End

  35. Next Websites to visit: Earth spins around its axis as it orbits the Sun. Our entire Solar System slowly orbits around the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy belongs to the Local Group of galaxies, where it is also moving. Click here for an interactive activity on Seasons Click here for an excellent video on Seasons

  36. http://janus.astro.umd.edu/javadir/orbits/ssv.html definition SOLAR SYSTEM The Sun and the objects that move about it, including planets, moons, and asteroids.

  37. Back June 21st Summer Solstice

  38. Back definition Solstice The days when the Sun’s vertical rays are farthest from the equator December 21st Winter Solstice

  39. definition Tropic of Cancer line of latitude 23.5. north of the equator

  40. definition Tropic of Capricorn • line of latitude 23.5. south of the equator

  41. definition ARCTICCIRCLE line of latitude 66.5˚ north of the equator

  42. definition ANTARCTIC CIRCLE line of latitude 66.5˚ south of the equator

  43. ARCTIC CIRCLE TROPICOF CANCER TROPICOF CANCER TROPICOF CAPRICORN ANTARCTIC CIRCLE Middle Latitudes

  44. ANIMATION Next ROTATION http://janus.astro.umd.edu/javadir/orbits/ssv.html

  45. Aurora over Edmonton, Alberta

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