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Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt

This study explores the association between shame, guilt, and immunological changes, focusing on proinflammatory cytokine activity, cortisol levels, and more. Results reveal increased cytokine activity, while cortisol and β2-microglobulin remained unaffected. Further research suggests exploring different stressors and specific emotions that trigger immune responses.

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Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt

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  1. Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt Sally S. Dickerson, MA, Margret E. Kemeny, PhD, Najim Aziz, MD, Kevin H. Kim, PhD, and John L. Fahey, MD Presented by: Dominic Furco

  2. Introduction • Testing how specific emotions effect immunological response • Shame and Guilt • Main goal • Examine the association between shame/guilt and immunological changes that occur under controlled conditions

  3. Introduction • Research linking immune system function and emotion has only been tested on various mood disorders. • Not a lot of research on how specific emotions effect immune response • Unknown immunological effects of shame/guilt emotions.

  4. Background • TNF-α: Proinflammatory cytokine • Induce inflammation • sTNFαRII: soluble receptor for TNF • Determine response function • Β2-microglobulin: marker of immune activity • Effect levels of lymphocytes and monocytes • Cortisol: steroid hormone • Secreted by adrenal gland • OMT: Oral Mucosal transudate • Enters the mouth by crossing the inside lining of the cheeks from the capillaries

  5. Hypothesis • Inducing self-blame will lead to increases in proinflammatory cytokine activity, β2M, and cortisol • Proinflammatory cytokine activity.

  6. Methods • 49 participants • 32 female/17 male • Experimental • Traumatic and upsetting experiences that they felt shameful about/blamed themselves for. • Control • Activity in past 24 hours • OMT samples taken before and after writing • Measure TNF-a, sTNFaRII, B2M, and cortisol • Repeated on 3 separate days

  7. Methods • Affect Balance Scale Questionnaire • Measured emotion before and after writing • Daily health Behavior Questionnaire • Assess health behavior the day of the study • Essay Evaluation Measure • Participants rated their writing on how person, emotional, and meaningful it was • Hierarchical Linear Modeling • Nested design • Time, Days, Group

  8. Results

  9. Results

  10. Conclusion • Increased cytokine activity • Cortisol and β2-microglobulin remained unaffected

  11. Review • More research on sTNFαRII • Different stressors and specific emotions that elicit an immunological response

  12. Bibliography • Kiecolt-Glaser J, McGuire L, Robles T, Glaser R. EMOTIONS, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY: New Perspectives from Psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review Of Psychology [serial online]. February 2002;53(1):83. Academic Search Elite, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 22, 2012. • Kiecolt-Glaser J, McGuire L, Robles T, Glaser R. Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychological influences on immune function and health. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology [serial online]. June 2002;70(3):537-547. PsycARTICLES, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 22, 2012. • C. Hawkley, T. Cacioppo John. Stress and the aging immune system. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity [serial online]. September 2003;114-119. Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL. • Petrie K, Booth R, Pennebaker J. Journal of Personality and Social Pschology: The Immunological Effects of Thought Suppression [serial online]. July 1998;1264-1272. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. • Dickerson S, Kemeny M, Aziz N, Kim K, Fahey J. Psychosomatic Medicine: Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt [serial online]. 2004;124-131. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095

  13. Questions?

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