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The Nature of Water

The Nature of Water. Sci. 5.1. Water is weird. Is liquid at room temp. (not a gas) Solid water floats in liquid water Lots of heat needed to change temp. H 2 O. NH 3. O 2. H 2 S. N 2. CO 2. CH 4. Question 1. Exists on earth in all 3 states (phases). Solid (ice) Liquid (water)

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The Nature of Water

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  1. The Nature of Water Sci. 5.1

  2. Water is weird • Is liquid at room temp. (not a gas) • Solid water floats in liquid water • Lots of heat needed to change temp.

  3. H2O NH3 O2 H2S N2 CO2 CH4

  4. Question 1

  5. Exists on earth in all 3 states (phases) • Solid (ice) • Liquid (water) • Gas (water vapor)

  6. Question 2

  7. Latent heat of fusion • Energy required for change between liquid and solid • 335 joules per gram (J/g) Heat in Heat out

  8. Melting (freezing) point: • 0° C (32° F) Heat absorbed in J A: Rise in temp. as ice absorbs heat. B: Absorption of latent heat of fusion. C: Rise in temp.as liquid water absorbs heat.

  9. Question 3

  10. Latent heat of vaporization • Energy required to change between liquid and gas • 2,260 J/g Heat in Heat out

  11. Question 4

  12. Boiling point: • 100° C (212° F) Amount of heat absorbed in joules A: Rise in temp. as ice absorbs heat. B: Absorption of latent heat of fusion. C: Rise in temp.as liquid water absorbs heat. D: Water boils and absorbs latent heat of vaporization. E: Steam absorbs heat and temp. increases

  13. Question 5

  14. Sublimation: • Changing directly from solid to gas Dry ice (Solid CO2)

  15. Deposition: • Gas directly to solid

  16. Question 6

  17. Changing states Heat flowing into or out of water? blah blah Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah solid liquid vapor blah blah Direction of heat flow?

  18. Changing states Heat from environment, into water sublimation melting evaporation freezing condensation solid liquid vapor deposition Heat out of water, into environment

  19. Question 7

  20. Molecular structure of H2O • a polar molecule • O end –charge, H ends +charges   

  21. Question 8

  22. H (hydrogen) bonds • Weak bonds between H on one molecule and O of another (can form between other compounds too) • Makes water “sticky” (liquid at room temp.)

  23. Question 9

  24. Cohesion: • H2O molecules sticking to each other

  25. Adhesion: • H2O sticking to other things

  26. Question 10

  27. Density: (generally) • Amount of mass per volume • As temp. , density 

  28. Question 11

  29. Density differences in oceans • Can cause major currents • less dense = more buoyant salinity differences temp. differences

  30. Question 12

  31. H2O called “the universal solvent” (not everything) • lots of things dissolve in H2O

  32. Question 13

  33. Ice • Molecules take up more room (solid floats) • Because of H bonds Liquid Ice (2 layers of molecules)

  34. most dense least dense

  35. It’s possible to melt ice by increasing the pressure on it without increasing temperature ice 28°F Thin layer of liquid water

  36. Question 14

  37. Specific Heat (a.k.a. Heat Capacity): • Energy needed to raise temp. 1°C • The amount of heat • a substance can hold.

  38. Question 15

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