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W. Pauli 1900 -1958. Prediction of the Neutrino. Standard Model of Particle Physics. Fermions. + 2/3. – 1/3. – 1. 0. u. c. t. Quarks. d. s. b. e. µ. τ. Leptons. ν e. ν µ. ν τ. Standard Model of Particle Physics. Protons and Neutrons. + Antiparticles. Electron. Quarks.
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W. Pauli 1900 -1958 Prediction of the Neutrino
Standard Model of Particle Physics Fermions + 2/3 – 1/3 – 1 0 u c t Quarks d s b e µ τ Leptons νe νµ ντ Standard Model of Particle Physics Protons and Neutrons + Antiparticles Electron Quarks Bosons - forces g electromagnetic force (charged particles) W , Z 0 weak force (e.g. beta decay, all particles) Gluons strong force (quarks, ‘colored’ particles) graviton gravitation (all particles)
The Higgs Boson – ATLAS http://www.atlas.ch/HiggsResources/
3 Minutes: Atomic nuclei 380 000 years: Atoms Universe transparent! Big Bang and the early Universe Big Bang
Amplitude 1/angle 2.721 K 0 K T = 0.2 mK 2.729 K 4 K Cosmic Microwave Background
Negative curvature – low density Positive curvature – high density Curvature of Space Ω < 1 No curvature – “critical” density Ω = 1 Ω > 1
From a dialog between Werner von Heisenberg and Nils Bohr (Heisenberg reporting): Bohr's thoughts combined themselves for me with the ... view that atoms are not anymore things. Even though Bohr believed to recognize many details of the inner structure of the chemical atoms, the electrons that made up their shells obviously were not things anymore, certainly not things in the sense of the old physics that could be described without reservation in terms of position, velocity, energy, or extension.So I asked Bohr: "If the inner structure of the atom is so little approachable as you say, if we do not really have the language to talk about this structure, will we ever be able to understand the atoms?" Bohr paused for a moment before he answered: "Yes. But at the same time we will learn what 'understanding' means". Translated from "Der Teil und das Ganze" ("The Part and the Whole"), R. Pipers & Co Verl. München 1969, pages 62/63