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What exactly is balance?

What exactly is balance?. Macpherson et al. (1997) contend that the maintenance of posture is the co-requisite for all coordinated movement, and when studying the restoration of motor function after injury or disease,

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What exactly is balance?

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  1. What exactly is balance?

  2. Macpherson et al. (1997) contend that the maintenance of posture is the co-requisite for all coordinated movement, and when studying the restoration of motor function after injury or disease, it is essential to consider not only the specific motor task, but to also consider the postural control that is an integral part of that task.

  3. Sensorimotor systems underlying postural control provide us with the ability to balance all the forces acting on the body, resulting in the ability to: (Horak & Macpherson, 1996)

  4. 1) keep the body in a desired position - Static Equilibrium, or

  5. 2) move the body in a controlled way - Dynamic Equilibrium.

  6. Systems Theory leading to aTask-Oriented Clinical Approach Individual Task“a skilled action” “characteristics of the performer” Environment “configured to fit the environment”

  7. TASK ENVIRONMENT Balance INDIVIDUAL

  8. 1) Static Equilibrium TASK ENVIRONMENT INDIVIDUAL

  9. 2) Dynamic Equilibrium TASK ENVIRONMENT INDIVIDUAL

  10. Musculo-skeletal Components Neuro-muscular Synergies Body Schema BALANCE Sensory Systems ReactiveMechanisms Proactive Mechanisms(external) Anticipatory Mechanisms(internal)

  11. Sensory Systems • Visual – PROACTIVE control • Vestibular – Body Schema • Somatosensory – REACTIVE control

  12. Flexibility Strength Power Endurance Bone density Posture Musculoskeletal Components

  13. Reactive Mechanisms

  14. Sensorimotor Strategies

  15. Neuromuscular Synergies

  16. Proactive Mechanisms

  17. Anticipatory Mechanisms

  18. What are these tests . . .testing? • Functional Reach Test • Berg Balance Test • Sensory Organization Test • Timed Up and Go Test • Dynamic Gait Index • Romberg

  19. Constraints Model

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