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Physics 321

Physics 321. Hour 1 Course Introduction. Course Outline Prerequisites: ODEs, Mathematica Reading: Due before lecture HW : Due MWF - see schedule on Learning Suite Take-home Tests : Due most Thursdays Midterm Exams: In the Testing Center Final Exam: In Class. Course Components.

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Physics 321

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  1. Physics 321 Hour 1 Course Introduction

  2. Course Outline • Prerequisites: ODEs, Mathematica • Reading: Due before lecture • HW: Due MWF - see schedule on Learning Suite • Take-home Tests: Due most Thursdays • Midterm Exams: In the Testing Center • Final Exam: In Class Course Components

  3. Reading: 5% • Homework: 10% • Take-home Tests: 40% • Midterms: 25% • Final: 20% Course Components

  4. HW & Take-home Tests

  5. Physics 321 Hour 1 Newton’s Laws of Motion

  6. What is the natural motion of an object? • Greeks – without force, motion stops • Kepler – straight lines (earth→heavens) • Galileo – circles (heavens →earth) • Descartes – matter and motion are conserved Before Newton

  7. How do we understand collisions? • Descartes – conservation of motion • Huygens – motion = mass x velocity • Leibniz – vis viva = mass x velocity2 Before Newton

  8. The quantity of motion is the measure of the same, arising from the velocity and quantity of matter conjointly. = Huygen’s definition of motion Newton’s 0th Law

  9. Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. = Descartes’ idea of natural motion Newton’s 1st Law

  10. The change of motion is proportional to the motive force impressed, and is made in the direction of the right line in which that force acts. = A way to measure/define force Newton’s 2nd Law

  11. To every action there is always an equal reaction; or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. • Forces are binary • Momentum is conserved instant by instant • Forces add as vectors Newton’s 3rd Law

  12. What do we have to measure to verify/apply Newton’s laws of motion? What is mass, space, time? How have our ideas of mass, space and time changed since 1687? Newton’s Laws and Measurement

  13. How could we tell if forces are really are binary? Are they binary? Two examples: charges and a bat, Lorentz force What would be necessary for forces to be conserved instant by instant? Do Newton’s Laws Work?

  14. Physics 321 Hour 2 Applying Newton’s Laws of Motion

  15. It is often better to turn one 2nd order equation Into two 1st order equations: Manipulating the 2nd Law or

  16. We can also express F in terms od spatial derivatives: Manipulating the 2nd Law

  17. We use a new variable, u, to parameterize the motion: A Numerical Strategy So:

  18. We know E=mc2. What if mass increases when kinetic energy increases? The Relativistic Version So:

  19. Draw a free body diagram for each part of • the system • Sum forces: • Sum torques: • Relate forces to torques: The Physics 121 Strategy

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