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The Rise and Fall of Newspapers

The Rise and Fall of Newspapers. A Century of Power and Persuasion. Chain Newspapers. When one owner (individual or corporation) acquires more than one newspaper, it’s called a chain. The larger chains grew until they dominated the market.

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The Rise and Fall of Newspapers

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  1. TheRise and Fall of Newspapers A Century of Power and Persuasion.

  2. Chain Newspapers • When one owner (individual or corporation) acquires more than one newspaper, it’s called a chain. The larger chains grew until they dominated the market.

  3. For The Spanish-American War -New York City -- ca 1896 • The New York Journal – 700,000 circulation. • Pulitzer’s New York World – 800,000 circulation. • The New York Sun – 150,000 circulation. • Total circ-- 1,650,000

  4. Against The War -- New York City ca. 1896 • The New York Herald – 100,000 circulation • The New York Post – 25,000 • New York Tribune – 75,000 • New York Times – 25,000. • Total circ. 225,000

  5. Pro-war outnumbers anti-war • By 1.4 million readers • These are BIG numbers for 1896

  6. Two Newspapers Dominate the Market • Journal and World 1.5 million circulation • All the rest -- five papers 350,000 circulation

  7. Ownership Today • 1550 U.S. Cities have daily newspapers • 100 U.S. Cities have two or more dailies • 43 cities have two independent dailies • 57 cities have two dailies -- both owned by the same company • Fewer owners, fewer voices.

  8. THE POINT: FEWER OWNERS, FEWER VOICES

  9. Biggest Chain -- Gannett • 100 Newspapers • TV and radio holdings • USA Today

  10. Top Chains • Gannett -- 90 (including USA Today, Olympian, etc.) Dow Jones -- 20 (including Wall Street Journal) Thompson -- 183 dailies (including papers in Canada, Britain, etc.) New York Times --20 (including NYT and Boston Globe) Knight-Ridder -- 31 dailies (including 49% of Seattle Times) Newhouse -- 26 dailies (including Portland) Tribune Co. -- 14 (including Chicago Tribune -- recently acquired Times Mirror with 10 more , including LA Times) Scripps-Howard -- 23 Hearst -- 12 (including PI in Seattle) Cox -- 20 News Corp. -- 3 (Murdoch, includes Boston Herald) Media News Group -- 18 Ingersoll -- 37

  11. Death in the afternoon --the decline of afternoon newspapers

  12. Television Becomes Advertising Mecca • The Year Television First Had More Advertising Revenues Than Newspaper: 1960

  13. Competition • Big companies swallow little ones • True competition declines • The race for profits undermines journalism

  14. New York City – Consolidation and Competition • New York population 1900: 3,437,000 • Number of newspapers: 7 • New York population 2000 : 8,008,000 • So how many newspapers should they have based on population increase?

  15. Newspaper Scene in New York circa 2000 • Number of newspapers: 3 • New York Daily News, New York Post, New York Times. • You can say 4 if you count Newsday which is actually a Long Island paper. • Weeklies: Village Voice, New York Observer

  16. Percent of Daily Newspapers Owned by Largest Newspaper Groups

  17. Percent of Daily Circulation Belonging to Largest Newspaper Groups

  18. Compare largest groups ownership to circulation Circulation: 69% Ownership: 39% So big groups control more readership

  19. Project for Excellence in Journalism1850 K Street NW, Suite 850Washington, DC, 20006 “Largest newspaper groups” means the 22 top newspaper chains

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