Unit 7 Human Geography

1. Unit 7Human Geography

2. Theme 1 Population

3. Theme 1: Population Class 1 of 4: World Population & Intro • Unit 6 Test [20 min] • 7 Billion Clip • Define Key Terms • Notes  World Population • Journey to Planet Earth Clip “Introduction” • Notes  World Population Growth • Journey to Planet Earth Clip “We begin with numbers…”

4. Introduction • Say the word Geography and most people think of one thing: maps! Geography is about far more than just maps, though; it is a huge topic covering all sorts of subject areas. • At the heart of Geography there are two very different branches of study: Physical and Human. Physical Geography is the exciting study of landforms, earth processes, natural hazards, and the atmosphere. Human Geography is the equally fascinating study of how humans have affected and been affected by the Earth. This includes looking at how we use resources, population issues, pollution concerns, and a wide variety of other topics concerning human development.

5. Booklet p. 2 Journey To Planet Earth: The State of the Planet • Ecosystem - is a combination of all the living and non-living elements of an area and are the smallest level of organization in nature. • Population Density- is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to humans. • Urbanization- is the process by which there is an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. • Aquifer- is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, or gravel, sand, silt, or clay; from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. • Sustainability- is a systemic concept, relating to the continuity of economic, social, institutional and environmental aspects of human society.

6. 7 Billion

7. World Population Chart It took the world millions of years just to reach 1 billion people It took 123 years to double that to 2 billion people = 100% It took 30 years or so to get to 3 billion people It took 195 years to increase from 1 billion to 6 billion = 600% Now every 10 to 15 years the world increases in population by 1 billion

8. Introduction 5 min

9. World Clock World Population Growth • Two thousand years ago, there were about 300 million people on Earth. In 1804, there were one billion. • Between 8000 BCE and 1750 AD (~10 000 years), about 70 000 each year were added to the Earth’s population. • Today that number is added in less than 7 hours. • Rapid population growth can be seen as a contributor to shortages in energy, housing, and food, and to an increase in pollution, unemployment and the destruction of the environment. • The top three most populated countries are: • China 1,347,000,000 • India 1,210,000,000 • United States 313,000,000 • Canada 35,000,000 At what point will the world’s resources fail to support its population?

10. 35 China 1.3 Billion USA 313 Million India 1.2 Billion

11. We begin with numbers… 7 min

12. Theme 1: Population • Class 2 of 4: Population Models and Pyramids • Notes • Booklet Questions – You Need Your Textbook!

13. What are they? • A diagram of a countries population. • Demographic Transition Model: explains a countries population change over time – useful to show which countries will be industrializing soon • It assumes all countries will pass through the stages • Population Pyramid: divides the population into age groups, the youngestat the bottom and the oldestat the top. • Age groups divided into male and female represents the age and sex structure of the total population. • Why? It allows the government to decided how many immigrants to accept each year or how much to spend on healthcare.

14. Africa India China Canada High Birth/Death Rates = slow pop. growth Rise in pop. b/c decline in death rate Decline in birth rate Stable growth

17. Theme 1: Population Class 3 of 4: One Child Policy Booklet p. 10 • Clip: are we running out of water… booklet p. 4 • Article – Life and Death in Shanghai • Notes: China’s One Child Policy • Video: Population Overload (Intro – 1 year) Make sure Population Theme is complete in your booklet for the June 5th Quiz!

18. Are we running out of water? 22 min

19. Arable Land • Population control is urgent in China – population reached 1 billion in 1984, 22% of world population in 1984 yet only 7% of the world’s arable land (most land is mountain or desert). • Arable Land – Land which is ploughed in order to grow crops. Early Birth Control Policy • 1971 a two person norm, based on: • later marriages (mid 20’s woman, late 20’s man). • longer intervals between births ( 3-4 years). • fewer children. • This is a success from past trends but needs to be stricter.

20. The One-Child Policy • 1979, media depicted small families. • “planned birth” certificates, official permission for kids. • religion / culture encouraged small families thus needed: • rewards – free medical, wage bonuses, extra pension. • penalties – second child = benefits cease, third = wage reduction, heavy fines, forced infanticide. Problems with the One-Child Policy • The rule has been estimated to have reduced population growth in the country of 1.3 billion by as much as 300 million people over its first twenty years. • This rule has caused a problem for female infants; abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide have been known to occur to female infants. • The result of such Draconian family planning has resulted in the disparate ratio of 120 males for every 100 females among babies from birth through children four years of age. Normally, 105 males are naturally born for every 100 females.

23. Population Overload • Divide your notes into 6 sections: 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, 7 years, 10 years, and 35 years • Take at least 4 points in each section

24. Population Overload • Increased population growth generally represents problems for a country - it means increased need for food, infrastructure, and services. These are expenses that most high-growth countries have little ability to provide today, let alone if population rises dramatically.

25. Population Overload Introduction 4 min

26. Population Overload 6 Months 5 min

27. Population Overload 1 Year 10 min

28. Theme 1: Population Class 4 of 4: Video • Video: Aftermath: Population Overload (20 min) • Juno Paragraph – Population Overload • Provincial Exam Review time • Population Quiz NEXT DAY

29. Population Overload 3 Years 7 min

30. Population Overload 7 Years 6 min

31. Population Overload 10 Years 7min

32. Population Overload 35 Years 4 min

33. Theme 2: Standards of Living

34. Theme 2: Standards of Living • 5 minutes to study Population • Quiz 7-1 [Theme 1 – Population] • Finish Journey to Planet Earth Clips • Class 1 of 5: Measuring Standards of Living • Assignment # 1

35. Quiz #1 Population Name ________ • What was the world population in 1804? What is it today? • Define: population density. • Which country has a higher population density, India or USA? • What are the 3 most populous countries in the world and give population numbers.

36. Which population pyramid signifies: A B C D

37. Draw: Early Expanding, Expanding, Stable, Contracting population pyramid. • Which of the following factors is typical at stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model?/1 • Decrease in adult literacy • Increase in fertility rates • Decreased access to food supply • Increase in demand for medical services

38. What factor contributes to Canada’s increase in population? • What gender is preferred in China? When was it officially introduced? • What natural area of North America would see major urban development in 35 years after a population overload of 14 billion?

39. Can we feed the hungry? 5 min

40. Early warning signs… 13 min

42. Miniature Earth

43. 1. Adult Literacy Each year the United Nations publishes the Human Development Index, a ranking of the standard of living of every country in the world. Three criteria are used to determine standard of living: adult literacy, life expectancy, and per capita gross domestic product. Adult literacy is defined as the percentage of the adult population who can read and write  Importance: • spread information about such matters as improved farming techniques, methods of birth control, and personal hygiene. • better economic opportunities than do those who cannot read.

44. 2. Life Expectancy The average number of years from birth that a person is expected to live. • well-developed medical systems • clean water and food 3. Gross Domestic Product • The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is an average of how much each person contributes to the total value of all the goods and services produced in a country in one year. • The higher the per capita gross domestic product, the higher the country’s standard of living. • Canada has traditionally ranked very high on the Human Development Index; in fact, Canada had the world’s highest ranking for several years in a row at the end of the twentieth century. Today, it’s about 8th

45. Classifying Countries Countries with similar standards of living are often grouped together in these categories: 1. Developed countries • Countries that have a large service sector and an industrial base. High standard of living – literacy / health / food 2. Developing countries • Countries that have more of agriculturally based economy, inequalities in both its education and health care systems, and a rapidly increasing population. 3. Highly indebted poor countries • Countries that are less developed and have very large debt load that are owed to international financial institutions or developed countries. • Much of what is produced and sold in developing countries is not calculated because it is made in the home and traded in local communities. • In many countries wealth is concentrated in the hands of a very few people.

46. Theme 2: Standards of Living Class 2-3 of 5: India Booklet p. 15-19 • Make sure Theme 10 is complete (25-30 minutes) • Video – Bomb Under the World (11 of 15 points [28min]) • Notes: Poverty • Assignment # 2 • Video – Bomb Under the World (up to 15 points) • Paragraph Response for ‘Bomb Under the World’

47. Theme 2: Standards of Living Class 2-3 of 5: India (Linear) Booklet p. 15-19 • Notes: Poverty • Assignment # 2 p. 18 • Provincial Exam Government Questions

48. Assignment # 2 – Comparing Standard of Living CIA World Fact Book • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html

49. Poverty People who cannot afford the basic necessities of life such as (1) food, (2) shelter, and (3) clothing live in poverty . Statistics • Almost half the world’s population-nearly 3 billion people-live on less than $2/day. • An additional 1.2 billionpeople live on less than $/1day. • Approximately 8 millionpeople a year die from preventable poverty-related conditions such as malnutrition and starvation, and poverty-related diseases such as malaria and cholera. Significance: Poverty is a very real and serious problem facing nearlyhalfthe world’s population. DId You Know…developing countries S.O.L. mirrors most FNs reserves in Canada (ie. human rights violations)

50. How Is Poverty Measured? • Poverty is measured in different ways around the world. In Canada, for example, if you have to spend more than 56% on necessities such as food, shelter, and clothing, you are considered to be living in poverty. • Based on this figure, nearly 20 % of all Canadians today are considered to be poor. • Poverty, then, is relative according to region. What Causes Poverty? massive debt loads, foreign occupation, war, natural disasters, environmental destruction, lack of infrastructure, and unemployment.