UNIT 7 – Human Biology

1. UNIT 7 – Human Biology LT 6.10.6SWBAT describe and compare the main functions of human body systems and organs

2. Before we begin What do you fear the most? How do you respond to your fear?

3. Hook • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yGJGTjV2WE

4. The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.

5. J – TPS (Justify – Think Pair Share) • What happens when you touch something extremely hot? How do you react? Why?

6. J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share) THINK PAIR SHARE

7. The body’s communication systems help maintain homeostasis What is homeostasis? • A stimulus is something that causes a response. • Responses can be: • Chemical • Cellular • Behavioral • The nervous and endocrine systems respond to stimuli.

8. Think • What stimuli cause your body to sweat and cause your pupils to shrink? THINK BOX

9. The nervous system controls thoughts, movement, and emotion. • The endocrine system controls growth, development, and digestion.

10. spinal chord nerves The nervous and endocrine systems have different methods and rates of communication • The nervous system works quickly. • It uses chemical and electrical signals. • The nervous system allows us to respond to pain.

11. spinal chord nerves • The nervous system is divided into: • The Central Nervous System (CNS) and • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

12. receptor target cell hormone bloodstream not a target cell • only chemical signals • signals move through bloodstream • physically unconnected organs The endocrine system works more slowly

13. Think • Which system, the endocrine or the nervous, controls the rate at which you blink? Explain. THINK BOX

14. Check your understanding • Both the nervous and the endocrine systems allow you to 1. analyze thoughts 2. respond to stimuli 3. control growth 4. react at the same rate

15. Check your understanding • The nervous and endocrine systems respond to 1. receptors 2. changes 3. messages 4. stimuli

16. Check your understanding • The endocrine system controls growth, development 1. emotions 2.digestion 3. thoughts 4. movement

17. Check your understanding • Which activity is most likely controlled by the nervous system? • Growth • response to pain • changes in body chemistry • development

18. Check your understanding Why is the nervous system able to respond so quickly to a stimulus? • The nervous system responds only to certain simple stimuli • Messages don't have to travel first to the brain • All parts of the nervous system are physically connected in a network • Chemical signals travel quickly in the body.

19. Check your understanding • Which type of neuron relays signals from the central nervous system to the muscles? 1. sensory neuron 2. interneuron 3. motor neuron 4. specialized support cell

20. Hook • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dbDJzDV1CM

21. The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells

22. IBE – JTPS What do you notice about these cells?

23. J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share) THINK PAIR SHARE

24. 1 2 3 Cell body dendrites axon A neuron has three parts • cell body has nucleus and organelles • dendrites receive impulses • axon carries impulses

25. Neurons never physically touch (The Synapse) • Electrical impulses (messages) are carried from the axon terminal across the synapse to the dendrite of the next neuron

26. Neurotransmitters (chemical message signals) are primarily found in the synapse between neurons

27. Motor neurons pass messages to muscles

28. IBE – JTPS How do your neurons react when in the morning your alarm clock buzzes?

29. J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share) THINK PAIR SHARE

30. The Resting Neuron  • When a neuron is resting (not transmitting a message), the outside of the cell is more positive and the inside of the cell is more negative.

31. The action potential (the active neuron) • An action potential is a moving electrical chemical message called an impulse. • This occurs because: • Positive sodium ions (Na+) rush into the axon.

32. The neuron returns to the at rest position (negative inside) when potassium ions (K+) leave.

33. The Synapse When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a chemical signal passes between neurons. • Vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synapse. • Neurotransmitters • stimulate the next cell

34. Revisit IBE – JTPS How do your neurons react when in the morning your alarm clock buzzes?

35. Check your understanding • Which part of this neuron carries messages to the cell body? 1. axon 2. dendrites 3. nucleus 4. terminals

36. Check your understanding An electrical impulse moving down an axon is called a(n) 1. automatic function 2. neurotransmitter 3. action potential 4. feedback loop

37. Check your understanding • Thoughts, movements, and some life processes are controlled by the 1. nervous system 2. endocrine system 3. muscular system 4. circulatory system

38. Check your understanding • Thoughts, movements, and some life processes are controlled by the 1. nervous system 2. endocrine system 3. muscular system 4. circulatory system

39. Check your understanding • The structure that carries impulses in a neuron's cell is called a(n) 1. axon 2. vesicle 3. synapse 4. dendrite

40. Check your understanding • What is a neuron's resting potential? 1. the quantity of electrical impulse a cell generates 2. the number of positive particles outside a cell 3. the diffusion of ions inside of the cell 4. the difference in charge across the cell membrane

41. Check your understanding • What part of a neuron receives messages? 1. the axon 2. the dendrites 3. the cell body 4. the synapse

42. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0NpTdge3aw