WEATHER AND CLIMATE

1. WEATHER AND CLIMATE

2. WEATHER VS CLIMATE WEATHER CLIMATE • Weather is the everyday state of the atmosphere, and its short-term (minutes to weeks) variation. • In popular, weather is known as the mixture of the temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, visibility, and wind. • Weather is what terms of the atmosphere are to a small time of period • Climate is known as statistical weather data - Explains the different weather at a certain location for a specified range. • Popularly, it shows the synthesis of weather. -It is the weather of a locality averaged over different periods. • Climate is how the “conduct” of the atmosphere over relatively long periods of time.

3. AFFECTING CLIMATE • THE FOLLOWING TERMS AFFECT CLIMATE: • The composition of the atmosphere • Temperature • Precipitation

4. TEMPERATURE • Consequences that meteorologists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring: • Loosing sea ice, the sea level rise and advance. • Scientists had said that high temperatures will continue to rose for many years to come, because of greenhouse gasses made by human activities. • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), that has more than 1,300 scientists from the United States and other places, predicted that a temperature rise of 2.5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century.

5. PRECIPITATION • Big raindrops, grow to 6 mm (0.2 inch) in diameter • Their final velocities are about 10 meters (30 feet) per second • And so may create considerable compaction and erosion of the soil by their workforce of the impact. • The creation of a crushed crust creates it more harder for air and water to get to the roots -Plants impulses the water to run off the surface and bring away the topsoil with it. • In mountainous zones, lot of rain may go from soil into mud and slurry

6. COMPOSITION IN ATMOSPHERE • The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounded by the Earth • Which is retained by the gravity of Earth. • The atmosphere saves life on Earth by getting ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through greenhouse effect, and getting less temperature extremes from day and night. Here's a listing of the key components of the lower atmosphere...Nitrogen - 78.084%Oxygen - 20.95%Argon - 0.934%Carbon Dioxide - 0.036%Neon - 0.0018%Helium - 0.0005%Methane - 0.00017%Hydrogen - 0.00005%Nitrous Oxide - 0.00003%Ozone - 0.000004%

7. TYPES OF CLOUDS • Stratus clouds are grayish clouds that cover sky. • It looks like a fog that does not get to the floor. • Sometimes, no precipitation falls from stratus clouds, but usually they may mist. • When a dense fog "lifts," the overall clouds are low stratus. • Altocumulus clouds are middle clouds created of water droplets and its color is gray, • Puffy masses, usually move out in parallel waves . • The “look” of these clouds on a hot humid summer morning frequently means thunderstorms may happen by late afternoon.

8. TYPES OF CLOUDS • Altostratus clouds are gray or blue-gray middle clouds compound of ice crystals and water droplets. • These clouds sometimes cover the whole sky. In the dissolvent zones of the cloud, the sun could be little visible as a circle disk. • Altostratus clouds frequently form ahead of storms that will create more precipitation. • Cirrus clouds are thin, not wide clouds entrained by high winds to high streamers. They are known as "high clouds" because it forms above 6000 m. Cirrus clouds sometimes move across the sky from west to east. In general it meant to be a nice weather • Cirrostratus clouds are not wide, sheet like long clouds that frequently cover the whole sky. They are so wispy that the sun and moon can be seen through them. • Cirrocumulus cloudsare shown as little, circle white puffs. The little ripples in the cirrocumulus usually looks like the scales of a fish. A sky with cirrocumulus clouds is usually means to as a "mackerel sky.“ • Cumulus clouds are swollen clouds which usually seems like pieces of floating cotton. Base of each cloud is frequently flat and could be only 1000 m above ground . Top of cloud has circle towers. When top of this cloud resembles the head of a cauliflower, is called cumulus congests or towering cumulus. These clouds rise up, work into a huge cumulonimbus, which is a thunderstorm cloud.

9. CLOUDS AFFECTING WEATHER AND CLIMATE • Most scientists doubt that the net cooling effect of clouds will ever be large enough to completely offset ongoing warming. But many scientists say that if warming were to increase cooling clouds or decrease warming clouds, the current net cooling effect of clouds on the Earth's climate would grew up. The clouds studied by the scientists are known as marine stratocumulus clouds, which typically form next to continents where deep, cold, upwelling water reaches the sea surface, the team said in a statement. The surface air is cooled, triggering condensation and cloud formation. The warm air that descends into the region coats these clouds, they added.

10. HOW CLOUDS ARE FORMED • A cloud is compound of millions of small droplets of water or ice crystals, when temperature is low, is suspended in the air. Create when water vapor goes to liquid, when it humid air is cooled the water vapor condenses onto small particles. Clouds are also do when air containing water vapor is cooled behind a special temperature called dew point and the total moisture condenses to droplets on microscopic dust parts in the atmosphere. Normally, the air is cooled by during its rising action. Flowing up of air in the atmosphere may be created by convection resulting from hard solar heating of the ground; by a cold wedge of air not far the ground creating a mass of hot air to be pushed to the air; or by a mountain hacksaw at an angle to the wind. Occasionally, clouds made because of a reduction of pressure to air or by the difference of warmer and cooler current air.

11. HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECTING CLIMATE • Human activities help to climate change by creating changes in Earth’s atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, small particles of aerosols , and cloudiness. The biggest known help comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to atmosphere. • Greenhouse gases and aerosols has consequences in climate by altering the entrance of solar radiation and out-going heat radiation that are part of Earth’s energy balance. Changing the atmospheric richness or properties of these gases and particles can led to a warming or cooling of the climate system. • From the beginning of the industrial era, the total effect of human activities on climate has been a warning influence. The human impact on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes, like solar changes and volcanic eruptions.

12. CLIMATE CHANGING • Climate change happens when the climate of a special place or planet is altered between • two different periods of time. This most of the time occurs when something changes the total amount of the sun's energy absorbed by the earth's atmosphere and surface. It also • occurs when something changes the amount of heat energy from the earth's surface • and atmosphere that goes out to space over an extended period of time.

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14. BIBLIOGRAPHY "Stratus Clouds." Stratus Clouds. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/stratus.html>. "Alto Clouds." Alto Clouds. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/alto.html>. "Cirrus Clouds." Cirrus Clouds. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cirrus.html>. "CumulusClouds." CumulusClouds. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cumulus.html>. "Clouds & Particles." - Formation of Clouds. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/25p.html>. Infoplease. Infoplease. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/weather/A0857399.html>.