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Exploring massive galaxy evolution with deep multi-wavelength surveys

Dive into the evolution of massive galaxies from z=0 to z=7, utilizing UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey data combined with SXDS/UDS observations. Explore color bimodality, star formation rates, and the near-IR galaxy luminosity function for insights into galaxy assembly at varying epochs. Spectroscopic programs like UDSz offer a deeper understanding of galaxy properties beyond photometric data. By studying a K-selected sample and analyzing spectra from FORS2 and VIMOS instruments, researchers aim to achieve comprehensive insights into galaxy evolution. Uncover the mysteries of red galaxies, passive galaxies at high redshifts, and their comparison with radio galaxies at z~1.5. Explore how radio galaxies trace red envelopes and the challenges in studying the reddest galaxies at specific redshift ranges.

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Exploring massive galaxy evolution with deep multi-wavelength surveys

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  1. Exploring massive galaxy evolution with deep multi-wavelength surveys Ross McLure, Henry Pearce, Michele Cirasuolo, Jim Dunlop (Edinburgh) Omar Almaini (Nottingham), Chris Simpson (Liverpool)

  2. Outline • 1. Massive galaxy evolution at 0<z<4 with UKIDSS UDS • 2. Preliminary results from UDSz spectroscopic programme • 3. Massive galaxy evolution at 4<z<7 with SXDS/UDS • 4. Wide-field galaxy studies at z>7 with UDS/VISTA

  3. The UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey x20 x400 Unique depth+area in NIR plus strong + multi-wavelength coverage 5s depths >24 (AB) from 1-5 microns Key science driver: massive galaxy assembly at z>1

  4. The evolution of colour bimodality Bell et al. 2004 Combo-17 R < 24 Cirasuolo et al. 2007 Well studied in the local Universe Visvanathan & Sandage 1977; Bower et al. 1992; Starteva et al. 2001; Baldry et al. 2004 Extended up to z =1 Bell et al. 2004; Willmer et al. 2005; Franzetti et al. 2006

  5. Reddening The evolution of colour bimodality Star formation Cirasuolo et al. 2007 Primary selection in K-band ⇒ No bias against red objects Red objects present at any redshift Strength of bimodality decreases with redshift

  6. Evolution of the near-IR galaxy LF Cirasuolo et al. 2009, in press Bower 2006 De Lucia 2007 Monaco 2007 Menci 2006 Nagamine 2006 next data-release will push one magnitude deeper

  7. Massive galaxy assembly at 0<z<4 Local space density ∗ 10 – 15 % of local massive galaxies in place before z~3 Conclusion:colour bimodality, luminosity function and stellar mass densities all imply that epoch of massive galaxy assembly is 1<z<3 So far, everything based on photo-z’s; dz/(1+z)=0.03 However, detailed clustering studies and accurate determination of galaxy ages, masses and metallicities requires spectroscopy The assembling of 80% of massive galaxies occurs in the range 1 < z < 3

  8. ESO Large Programme: UDSz (PI: Almaini) 93 hours VIMOS (Nottingham), 142 hours FORS2(Edinburgh) J.S. Dunlop (Edinburgh, UK), S.J. Maddox, A. Arag´on-Salamanca, C. Conselice , S. Foucaud, L. Dunne, M. Gray (Nottingham, UK), A. Cimatti (Bolgogna, I), I. Smail (Durham, UK), M. Lehnert (Paris, F), M. Bremer (Bristol, UK), C. Simpson (Liverpool JM, UK), D. Clements (Imperial, UK), M. Franx (Leiden, NL), S. Croom (Sydney, AUS), M. Watson (Leicester, UK), M. Akiyama (NAOJ, Japan)

  9. ESO Large Programme: UDSz (PI: Almaini) 93 hours VIMOS (Nottingham), 142 hours FORS2(Edinburgh) •K-selected sample to KAB<23 over 0.6 sq degrees• Pre-selected with zphot>1 (plus control sample)• Sampling 1/6 galaxies (~4000) VIMOS LR-Blue VIMOS LR-RedFORS2 300I

  10. Example FORS2 spectra All courtesy of Henry Pearce (Edinburgh) • Full programme features 20 FORS2 masks: • 35-40 objects with K<23(AB), i<24.5(AB) per mask • Photo-z pre-selection in range 0.8<z<2.0 • 3-5 “extra” targets per mask, made of interesting • objects such as: z>5 LBGs, SMG, AGN etc • Currently analysing first 10 masks with new, • optimised pipeline • Achieving >80% spectroscopic completeness, • wide variety of spectral types Example strong OII emitter at z=1.3

  11. Example FORS2 spectra All courtesy of Henry Pearce (Edinburgh) • Full programme features 20 FORS2 masks: • 35-40 objects with K<23(AB), i<24.5(AB) per mask • Photo-z pre-selection in range 0.8<z<2.0 • 3-5 “extra” targets per mask, made of interesting • objects such as: z>5 LBGs, SMG, AGN etc • Currently analysing first 10 masks with new, • optimised pipeline • Achieving >80% spectroscopic completeness, • wide variety of spectral types Example passive galaxy at z=1.4

  12. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift GMASS survey (Cimatti et al 2008): FORS2 spectra of m4.5<23 (AB), i<26 (AB)

  13. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift

  14. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift young, blue composite

  15. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift intermediate composite

  16. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift GMASS selection box old composite

  17. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift very old composite

  18. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift

  19. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift Comparison with archetypal red/dead radio galaxies at z~1.5 (Dunlop et al. 1996)

  20. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift Comparison with archetypal red/dead radio galaxies at z~1.5 (Dunlop et al. 1996)

  21. UDS FORS2 programme: initial results Old galaxies at high redshift Comparison with archetypal red/dead radio galaxies at z~1.5 (Dunlop et al. 1996) Radio galaxies are tracing red envelope, but are not necessarily extreme objects

  22. Studying red galaxies at z>1 with FMOS Currently unable to study the reddest galaxies at 1<z<2 UDS sample: K<23(AB), 1.25<z<1.65

  23. Studying red galaxies at z>1 with FMOS Currently unable to study the reddest galaxies at 1<z<2 UDS sample: K<23(AB), 1.25<z<1.65 FMOS can reach this population

  24. Studying red galaxies at z>1 with FMOS Currently unable to study the reddest galaxies at 1<z<2 UKIDSS Ultra-deep Survey ideal field for FMOS: FMOS can reach ~10s continuum detection at H~21.5(AB); 4-5 hours ~9500 objects at H<21.5 in central 0.6 sq degree UDS area e.g. consider redshift range 1.25<z<3.00 – where 4000A/Balmer break is available ~1500 objects at H<21.5 in central 0.6 sq degree UDS area, or ~500 per FMOS pointing

  25. Massive galaxies at 4.5<z<6.5 McLure et al. (2009) Bower et al. (2006) De Lucia et al. (2007) • Clear evolution in UV LF from z=5 to z=6 : M★ dims by ~0.7 magnitudes • 2. Clustering analysis suggests: ro=8 Mpc , halo masses ~ 5x1011M • 3. Estimate of z~5.5 stellar mass function: consistent with latest semi-analytic models Key point: ground-based, wide-field provides info on bright end of high-redshift luminosity function

  26. Massive galaxies at 4.5<z<6.5 McLure et al. (2009) Bower et al. (2006) De Lucia et al. (2007) LBGs at bright-end of LF can be targeted with FORS2

  27. Massive galaxies at 4.5<z<6.5 McLure et al. (2009), in prep >50% of luminous LBGs observed at z>6 are strong LAEs Lya line fluxes are typical 3x10-17 cgs, i.e. SFR~10 M8 yr-1

  28. Massive galaxies at 4.5<z<6.5 McLure et al. (2009), in prep >50% of luminous LBGs observed at z>6 are strong LAEs Lya line fluxes are typical 3x10-17 cgs, i.e. SFR~10 M8 yr-1 FMOS simulations suggest: do-able in 5-10 hours with FMOS at z>6.5

  29. Widefield galaxy studies at z>7 with UDS/VISTA VISTA Deep near-IR HST ACS Optical Subaru Optical Aztec + Scuba ULTRA Deep near-IR ULTRA Deep near-IR ULTRA Deep near-IR ULTRA Deep near-IR Hubble UDF Spitzer UKIRT near-IR COSMOS Ultra-VISTA RA = 10 00 28, Dec = +02 12 21 UKIDSS UDS RA = 02 18 00, Dec = -05 00 00

  30. Ultra-Vista – new public survey with Vista telescope • PIs Dunlop, Franx, Le Fevre, Fynbo • 0.9 sq deg, in COSMOS / CFHTLS D2, Y=26.7, J=26.6, H=26.1, K=25.6 • Narrow-band survey at z = 8.8 • shallower survey covering full 1.5 sq. deg • 1800 hr over 5 years – expect commence Jan 2010 Predicted Numbers of LBGs: ~ 400 Y-drops at z~7.5 ~ 200 J-drops at z~8.5 Clear that 100s of “plausible” candidates will require NIR spectroscopy

  31. VISTA narrow-band search for z~7 galaxies(either LASER or LAGER survey; Herts, Oxford, Edinburgh, Liverpool) • Find the first large sample of galaxies within the epoch of reionisation (expect 50-200 in GT) • Determine their luminosity function and clustering properties • Ideal candidates for integral-field spectroscopy with SWIFT and E-ELT in the future. • Also measure the properties of [OII] and H emitting galaxies at lower redshifts. • Current plan is to target UDS+COSMOS • HR FMOS observations could confirm asymmetry of Lya line, and exclude interlopers

  32. Summary • Rapid progress being made on the evolution of massive, “red” galaxies at z>1 • However, red optical spectroscopy struggles to reach the true red population • FMOS set to make big impact in 1<z<3 red galaxy studies • Several wide-field, ground-based studies of LAEs at 7<z<9 are imminent • FMOS ideal for confirming Lya assymetry and excluding interlopers

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