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Labor Movement

Labor Movement. Essential Question. What were the strategies used by organized labor and why were some strikes successful when others failed?. The National Labor Union. 1866 founded by William Sylvis called for 8 hour work day 1872, formed Labor Reform Party

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Labor Movement

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  1. Labor Movement

  2. Essential Question • What were the strategies used by organized labor and why were some strikes successful when others failed?

  3. The National Labor Union • 1866 • founded by William Sylvis • called for 8 hour work day • 1872, formed Labor Reform Party • 1873, depression hits = union dissolved

  4. Great Railroad Strike, 1877 • Panic of 1873 • RR decrease wages 10% • Spontaneous Strikes began across nation • Governors call in militia = violence • 18 people killed in Penn. • All trains shut down • Over 100 people killed • First incidence of violence in labor movement

  5. Molly Maguires • Irish Miners in Pennsylvania • secret organization • committed acts of sabotage & murder • infiltrated by Pinkertons • 10 men convicted of murder & hanged • Mollies Defeated, mining conditions worsen

  6. Knights of Labor • founded in 1878 • by Terrence V. Powderly • membership open to all workers • skilled & unskilled • men & women • all races, religions, & ethnic groups

  7. Goals of Knights • 8 hour day • end to child labor • end to convict labor • equal pay for women & minorities • safety codes for workplace • nationalization of RR & telegraph

  8. Haymarket Square, 1886 • May Day demonstration for 8 hour day • Strike at McCormick reaper factory, Chicago • May 4th rally in Haymarket Square • 3000 attend

  9. Bomb thrown--7 policemen dead • Police fire on crowd—12 dead • Newspapers blame unions • 8 anarchist arrested & charge with instigation • 4 hanged, 1 suicide, 3 jailed then aquitted • Destroyed Knights of Labor

  10. United Mine Workers • founded by John L Lewis • Goals: • 8 hour day • end child labor in mines • safety codes for mines • health care for workers with “Black Lung”

  11. American Railway Union • founded by Eugene Debs, 1893 • sought to unite all workers on Railroads • wanted shorter hours & better wages • Debs jailed during Pullman Strike

  12. IWW: IndustrialWorkers of the World • founded in 1905 • lead by Big Bill Haywood • also Joe Hill & Mary Harris “Mother” Jones revolutionaries • Lawrence Textile Mill Strike • “Bread & Roses”

  13. AFL: American Federation of Labor • founded 1881 • by Samuel Gompers • full-time union officials to... • organize, negotiate, control strikes • skilled workers only • no women or minorities

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