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Sutherland & Cressy (1960)

Sutherland & Cressy (1960). Criminology is the scientific approach to: a. the study of criminal behavior b. society’s reaction to law violations and violators. Criminology vs. Criminal Justice. Criminal Justice The Study of Agencies Related to the Control of Crime Criminology

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Sutherland & Cressy (1960)

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  1. Sutherland & Cressy (1960) • Criminology is the scientific approach to: a. the study of criminal behavior b. society’s reaction to law violations and violators

  2. Criminology vs. Criminal Justice • Criminal Justice • The Study of Agencies Related to the Control of Crime • Criminology • The study of crime trends, nature of crime,theories of crime • Who Cares? Mostly pointy headed academics.

  3. Criminology vs. Deviance • Criminology Focuses on Crimes • Crime = violation of criminal law • Deviance Focuses on Violations of Societal Norms • These may or may not also be law violations

  4. Criminology as a Discipline • Until recently, (1970s) there was no such thing as a degree in “criminology” or “criminal justice.” • 1900s-1970s: Degree in sociology or urban studies (emphasis on crime). • Implication? Sociology dominates.

  5. Historical Roots of Criminology • Middle Ages • Superstition, religion, and fear • Utilitarian philosophy of (Becarria) • Free Will, Hedonistic Calculus • Biological determinism (Lombroso) • Sociological theory (Durkheim, Merton) • Political philosophy (Marx) • Theory Integration?

  6. Categories of Contemporary Crime Theory Psycho- logical Theory Choice Theory Biosocial Theory Integrated Theory Criminal Behavior Conflict Theory Social Process Theory Social Structural Theory

  7. Sub-Areas in the field of Criminology/Criminal Justice • Criminal Statistics (gather/interpret the facts) • Sociology of Law (how and why law changes) • Theory Construction (why people commit crimes) • Penology (prison, rehabilitation, policing) • Victimology (who gets victimized, how?)

  8. Differing views on the causes and controls of criminal behavior Consensus View • Law defines crime; Agreement exists on outlawed behavior • Laws apply to all citizens equally Conflict view • Law is a tool of the ruling class (to control the underclass) • Crime is a politically defined concept Interactionist • Moral entrepreneurs define crime • Crimes are illegal because society defines them that way • Criminal labels are life-transforming events

  9. Doing Criminology: Types of Research Survey Research (cross-sectional research) Longitudinal Research (cohort groups) Aggregate Data Research Experimental Research Observational Research

  10. Ethics in research! • Political Viewpoints and Criminal Justice • Funding Sources • Political and Social Consequences of Findings/Results

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