SOME say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire

1. SOME say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To know that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. Robert Frost Student inquiry into heat C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

2. Day One WITHOUT DISCUSSION OR COMMENT Immerse your pinky finger CAUTIOUSLY in the cup nearest you. Count to 10. Remove it and immerse it in the cup in the center of table. Note how your finger feels at that point. C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

3. Day One 1. Ask each member how the middle cup felt. If disagreeing, you need to find a way to resolve them. 2. Assume you were just outside without gloves on. How would your pinky feel if inserted into any of the cups? 3. Identify three other instances from your personal experience that confirms the observations you’ve made. 4. Develop two questions for the Question Bank that would extend our inquiry regarding your observations. These questions could go in ANY direction. C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

4. Question Bank • When a fan blows on you, why do you feel colder? • If you’re out in the cold and come inside, your hands feel like they are burning. Why? • How does the sensation of heat happen – the biology, the physiology, vs perception? • How does body communicate to the brain? • How does memory recall of temperature work? • Getting into a hot tub – at first you are hot, then you get used to it, but the temperature is still the same. How does that work? • Frostbite • “Brain freeze” headache when eating ice cream – how does that happen? • How are goosebumps related to sweating? C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

5. Physiology of Perception of Heat • Day One activity led to related questions • The topic I was least prepared to explore • Remember: Inquiry “with” not “for” • Information source – the web C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

6. Expert Triplets Neural thermoregulation of body Nerve cell structure and function Thermoreceptors Sensation C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

7. Jigsaw Discussion • Pairs given unique pieces of information • Read (write individual summary), discuss together, prepare summary • Form groups with one member from each pair as “expert” • New groups work on integrative questions • Reporter report collected and web-posted • Poster prepared and presented, photographed and web-posted C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

8. C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

9. Theory of Effective Cooperative Groups Positive interdependence of goals, roles, resources, and rewards Face-to-face interaction Development of group skill Individual and group accountability C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

10. Nature of Science “ The only problem now is that I have even more questions. In fact, I didn’t have any questions in the first place. I was fine not knowing about these things. Now I wonder …” “…interesting to hear about the reputation of scientists to exert their focus on being the first to claim a discovery rather than the accuracy or quality of their discovery.” “…are ‘Phlogiston Theories’ all around us today.” “…how much does culture affect science?” “ It shows that creativity is an important skill …” “ Scientists had to redefine everything.” “.. a majority [of scientists] are trapped by a lack of funding.” C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

11. Making Connections “… from A Matter of Degree by Gina Segre, about the survival of Penguins in Arctic weather … I have recently watched the documentary The March of the Penguins and, I immediately made a connection…” “…seemed to answer some of the questions we have been pondering since the start of the semester.” “I found my answer in the article .. By George Shockburgh … as pressure increases, the boiling point of water increases … water on Mt. Washington boils at lower T” C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

12. Content Learning: Oven heating elements C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

13. C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

14. Content Learning: The Drinking Bird C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

15. Philosophical Transactions Experiments on the power that animals, when place in certain circumstances, possess of producing cold (1781) On the variation of the temperature of boiling water (1779) The process of making ice in the East Indies (1775) “The ice-maker belonging to me at Allahabad .. made a sufficient quantity …The methods he pursued were…” Of chimney fireplaces (1796) Benjamin Count of Rumford An inquiry concerning the source of heat which is excited by friction (1798) C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

16. Challenges (tests) had collaboration component Individual work on questions Group discussion of questions Chance to revise answers Score = first score plus fraction of gap to be made up Four questions Weighted: two strongest at 30% other two at 20% C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

17. Things we did • KMT and phase diagram particle simulation • Heating/cooling curves for water • Play with liquid nitrogen • Mix hot and cold water • Visualize thermal equilibrium and insulation • Dissolve endo/exo salts in water • Convection, radiation, conduction phenomena • Blackbody spectrum C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

18. Models we developed • How heat and temperature relate to particle movement • How heat and particle movement is related to phase • How thermal conductivity relates to particle movement • How chemical energy relates to bonds C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

19. Questions we explored • Can one control the speed of thermal equilibrium? • Do cold things have heat? • Where does chemical heat come from? C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry

20. Applications we evaluated Evaluate “Magic Thaw” food defrost product Fire walking – a mental skill? Spontaneous combustion – human and not Steam engines and electricity generation Global warming Hypothermia and animal adaptation Thermos bottles C. F. Bauer, ACS Chicago 07 1677 Non-Majors Chemistry