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Bacteria

Bacteria. Our little friends…. Prokaryotes. Cells without a nucleus Bacteria Ubiquitous. Prokaryotes. 2 kingdoms- Eubacteria Archaebacteria. Eubacteria. Protective cell wall Can have 1-2 layer membrane in cell Wall. Found everywhere Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria.

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria Our little friends…

  2. Prokaryotes • Cells without a nucleus • Bacteria • Ubiquitous

  3. Prokaryotes • 2 kingdoms- • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria

  4. Eubacteria • Protective cell wall • Can have 1-2 layer membrane in cell Wall. • Found everywhere • Cyanobacteria

  5. Cyanobacteria • Most important Eubacteria • Blue-green pigment, no chloroplasts • Found in extreme conditions

  6. Archaebacteria • Lack Eubacteria carbohydrate in cell wall (peptidoglycan) • Oxygen free living aka.. methanogens • Live in extremes salt, acid & temp.

  7. Identification • Shape • Cell wall • Movement

  8. Shape • Rod- bacilli (plural) -bacillus (singular)

  9. Shape • Round- Cocci • Staphylococcus epidermidis • Chains/clumps/pairs

  10. Shape • Spiral- spirilla • Leptospira • syphilis

  11. Cell Wall • Gram stain- Hans Gramm • Blue- gram (+) 1layer • Red- gram (-) 2 layers 1layer- Carbohydrates 2 layer- lipid Membrane

  12. Movement • Flagella- 1 or more • Pili-hairs and attachment • Gliding- slimelayer • Capsule-glycocalyx(stick sugar) • Some don’t move

  13. Getting Energy • Autotrophs • Phototroph • Chemotroph

  14. Getting Energy • Heterotrophs • Chemotrophic… • Phototrophic… -use both light and organics

  15. Respiration • Obligate aerobes • Must have O2 • Obligate anaerobes • Poisoned by O2

  16. Clostridium botulinum • Ex. Of Anaerobe • Grows and produce toxins • Botulism causes paralysis

  17. Facultative Anaerobes • Don’t need O2 • Aren’t poisoned by O2

  18. Reproduction • Binary Fission Genetic Recombination • Trasformation, Transduction • Conjugation- Pili • Spore formation endospore

  19. Growth • Some can reproduce in 20 minutes • How many in 24 hours?

  20. Importance of Bacteria • Used to make foods • Cheese • Yogurt • Pickles

  21. Other uses of bacteria • Oil spill cleanup • Water reclaimation • Making drugs ex. • E.Coli & insulin

  22. Bacteria and YOU! • Symbiosis • Intestines E. Coli • Skin • Mouth

  23. Bacteria All Around • Nutrient flow • Bacteria recycle and decompose dead material!!! What would happen if no bacteria

  24. Saprophytes • Name for bacteria which decompose complex organic molecules into soil and nutrients

  25. Sewage Decomposition • Ex. Fish Tanks • Ammonia-> Nitrites • Nitrites-> Nitrates • Clean fish water

  26. Nitrogen Fixation • All Living things need Nitrogen • N2 in the atmosphere is not usable

  27. Cyanobacteria can make nitrogen usable • “Nitrogen Fixation” • Rhizobium in beans nodulescrop rotation

  28. Diseases from Viruses and Bacteria

  29. Pathogens • Disease producing agents.. • Can include more than just viruses and bacteria

  30. HIV Mumps Yellow fever Common cold Virus caused disease

  31. Small Pox

  32. Polio- causes muscle function loss

  33. measles

  34. Influenza

  35. Rabies

  36. Cancer • Oncogenic viruses • Rous sarcoma virus in chickens

  37. Bacteria Caused Diseases

  38. Diptheria

  39. Tetanus- causes severe muscle contraction

  40. Hansen disease-leprosy

  41. Cholera

  42. Bubonic Plague

  43. Prevention and Control

  44. Antibiotics • Can attack bacterial cells

  45. Sterilization • Fire • Disinfectant- lysol • Radiation

  46. Food Processing • Refrigeration • Cooking • Preservatives- salt vinegar…

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