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Diamonds for Beam Instrumentation

Diamonds for Beam Instrumentation. TIPP 2011, Chicago, 9.6.2011 Erich Griesmayer CERN and CIVIDEC Instrumentation. Overview. Diamond Detectors Physics Application Examples Summary. The Diamond Detector. Substrate. Diamond Substrate: pCVD = 10x10 mm 2 x 0.5 mm

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Diamonds for Beam Instrumentation

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  1. Diamonds for Beam Instrumentation TIPP 2011, Chicago, 9.6.2011 Erich Griesmayer CERN and CIVIDEC Instrumentation

  2. Overview • Diamond Detectors • Physics • Application Examples • Summary

  3. The Diamond Detector

  4. Substrate Diamond Substrate: pCVD = 10x10 mm2 x 0.5 mm sCVD = 5x5 mm2 x 0.5 mm Next transparency 10 mm 500 um

  5. pCVD Substrate • Crystal boundaries, 100 – 200 um • Charge-collection distance 200 um • Trapping • Reduction of ionization charges 500 um

  6. Diamond Detectors pCVD sCVD

  7. Diamond Beam Monitor Detector AC/DC Splitter 2 GHz Amplifier

  8. Physics

  9. Principle of Ionization 13 eV/eh-pair 1.6 fC/MIP

  10. Modes of Operation

  11. Proton Interaction E > 10 MeV: protons traverse detector E < 10 MeV: protons penetrate the detector (calorimetric mode) Direct measurement of the ionization charge.  Single protons, efficiency = 100%

  12. Proton Interaction

  13. Proton Interaction

  14. Proton Interaction Absorption Traversing

  15. Proton Interaction Single particles

  16. Proton Interaction Single particles Absorption Particle bunches Absorption Single particles Traversing

  17. Proton Interaction ISOLDE P.T. LHC TEVATRON Single particles Absorption Particle bunches Absorption Single particles Traversing

  18. Electron Interaction E > 400 keV: electrons traverse detector E < 400 keV: electrons penetrate the detector (calorimetric mode) Direct measurement of the ionization charge.  Single electrons, efficiency = 100%

  19. Electron Interaction

  20. Electron Interaction Single particles Absorption Particle bunches Absorption Single particles Traversing 400

  21. Neutron Interaction • E < 6 MeV: Converter foil (B, Gd) and measure na conversion products • E > 6 MeV:Direct measurement of na interaction of neutrons and detector • Direct and indirect measurement of the naionization charge. • Single neutrons, efficiency << 100% • Neutron flux, efficiency = 100%

  22. Photon Interaction • E > 5.5 eV: Photo excitation current • 2 keV < E < 50 keV:Fluorescence monitors • E > 50 keV: Ionization  direct measurement, single photon detection • Direct and indirect measurement of the ionization • Direct measurement of the excitation • Single photons, efficiency << 100% • Photon flux, efficiency = 100%

  23. Photon Interaction Ionization Excitation per 100’000 photons

  24. Applications

  25. Beam Instrumentation Detectors Protons - Beam Loss / Position / Profile Monitors Electrons - Beam Loss Monitors Photons - Beam Position Monitors (SLS, XFEL) Neutrons - Flux monitors (14 MeV fusion, radiation protection)

  26. Application Example 1: PROTONS

  27. Proton Therapy IBA Cyclotron in Orsay

  28. Proton Therapy Energy calibration 50 MeV – 200 MeV IBA Cyclotron

  29. Proton Therapy Beam structure 100 mV/div 20 ns/div 200 MeV protons, 106 MHz RF 9 ns RF period IBA Cyclotron

  30. Proton Therapy Phase measurement 10 ns/div 200 MeV protons, 106 MHz RF

  31. Proton Therapy Phase measurement 10 ns/div 200 MeV protons, 106 MHz RF 10 ps phase resolution 3° = 80 ps phase stability IBA Cyclotron

  32. CERN ISOLDE – Heavy Ions

  33. Heavy Ions Calorimetric spectroscopy 10 ns/div 50 mV/div 23 MeV C-ions dE/E = 0.6% Energy resolution Energy REX ISOLDE

  34. LHC - Diamond Beam Loss Monitor LHC – Collimation Area – IP7

  35. LHC - DBLM Unexpected beam abort (“UFO”)

  36. LHC - DBLM 1 ms DBLM  Ionization Chambers

  37. LHC - DBLM 1 ms Zoom for next transparency DBLM  Ionization Chambers

  38. LHC - DBLM Zoom x10 100 us

  39. LHC - DBLM Zoom x100 10 us

  40. LHC - DBLM Zoom x1000 1 us

  41. LHC - DBLM Zoom x10’000 100 ns

  42. Application Example 2: Neutrons

  43. Neutron Measurement n_TOF experiment at CERN: thermal to GeV neutrons

  44. Neutron Measurement 500 us/div 200 mV/div 6 MeV to GeV neutron time-of-flight n_TOF at CERN

  45. Neutron Measurement Measurement of n  a and n  p interactions n  a n  p Pulse shapes of interactions

  46. Application Example 3: Photons

  47. Medical LINAC AKH Vienna X-rays: 6 MV – 25 MV Dose-rate: 4 Gy/min Courtesy: D. Georg Diamond Detector Water phantom

  48. 10 MeV Photons Depth-dose profile measurement 2.5 ms bunch rate 1% agreement with a reference Thimble Ionization Chamber Single photon bunch of 2 us

  49. Summary • Radiation resistance • Fast  10 ps time resolution, 360 ps for single particles • High sensitivity  single particles with +40 dB • High dynamic range  attenuation -40 dB • Protons – electrons – neutrons – photons • BLM, BPM, Counter, Spectroscopy, Phase • Many other potential applications…..

  50. Conclusion

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