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The Nazi Party Into Power 1932-34

The Nazi Party Into Power 1932-34. Weimar In Crisis. Main source of crisis was the impact of Great Depression Unemployment Bank and business crash Extreme ideas became popular Final undermining of Weimar – no leadership. Rise in Nazi Popularity. Identified scapegoats – Jews and Communists

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The Nazi Party Into Power 1932-34

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  1. The Nazi Party Into Power 1932-34

  2. Weimar In Crisis • Main source of crisis was the impact of Great Depression • Unemployment • Bank and business crash • Extreme ideas became popular • Final undermining of Weimar – no leadership

  3. Rise in Nazi Popularity • Identified scapegoats – Jews and Communists • Promised to reverse Versailles • Promised economic recovery • SA became more violent and intimidating

  4. Crisis in the Democratic System • 1930 – No coalition can be formed – President von Hindenburg rules by decree • June 1932 – v. Hind. appoints von Papen as Chancellor – unpopular and no military support • Nov 1932 – von Papen’s election result not enough to get a majority – but Nazi support declines! • Dec 1932 – v Hind. appoints von Schleicher – unable to organise a coalition govt. Dismissed • 1933 – what viable alternatives are left?

  5. Hitler’s Political Credibility • Runs for President in April 1932 • Wins 13 million votes against von Hindenburg’s 19 million votes • Political credibility rises • Now seen as a legitimate alternative

  6. Hitler into Power • The succession of failed Chancellors gives Von Hindenburg limited choices • He plans with von Papen to make Hitler Chancellor … • … but limit his power. von Papen will be Vice-Chancellor and the cabinet will be filled with von Papen’s supporters • They felt they could control Hitler …

  7. Hitler in Power • Immediately calls election to try and secure Reichstag majority • Reichstag Fire 1933 helps propaganda • Fierce election campaign – propaganda, intimidation, use of SA • Results do not give Nazi’s the necessary majority • Need Nationalist Party support to gain power • Now in a position to secure their position

  8. Law for the Protection of People and State • “Restrictions on personal liberty, on the right of free expression of opinion, including freedom of the press; on the rights of assembly and association; and violations of the privacy of postal, telegraphic and telephone communications …”

  9. Enabling Law March 1933 • Communists banned from the vote • Passes 444 to 94 • Complete freedom to pass laws without the Reichstag • March 1933 – Dachau opens • April 1933 – Gestapo formed (the Secret Police) • July 1933 – One Party Law is passed – bans all other Political Parties and Trade Unions • Nov 1933 – another election, only the Nazi Party can stand

  10. 1934 … • June – Night of the Long Knives eliminates SA as a threat • August – von Hindenburg dies – Hitler proclaims himself Fuhrer • The army have a new oath – to swear allegiance to Hitler personally, not Germany • By 1934 Hitler and the Nazi Party’s control of Germany in complete • A combination of violence, propaganda and legitimacy

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