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From 1900 onwards, genetic research progressed with the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws. Sutton and Boveri proposed that genetic elements reside in chromosomes. This led to the understanding that chromosomes carry genes, passing one element of the pair to each cell during meiosis, aligning with Mendel’s laws. Johannsen introduced gene terminology in 1909, but Morgan solidified genetic principles by working with Drosophila melanogaster, establishing the chromosome theory of inheritance. This pivotal research by Thomas Hunt Morgan paved the way for modern genetics.
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From 1900 (when Mendel’s laws were rediscovered) onwards, modern genetics began to develop further, and the role of chromosomes as the carriers of genes was proposed. In1902, Sutton and Boveri formulated the idea that Mendel’s factors of heredity were to be found in chromosomes.
If chromosomes are carriers of hereditary elements or genes, then we can presume that when they are separated during meiosis, each element of the pair passes to different cells; each cell, therefore, carries only one element of the pair, that of the mother or that of the father. This behaviour is in accordance with the first of Mendel’s laws.
In 1909, Johannsen was the first to use the terms gene, genotype and phenotype, but it was Thomas Hunt Morgan who established a series of fundamental principles, using a new experimental methodology. Morgan worked with the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly and established that genes form part of chromosomes, and can be located within specific places, called locus or loci. This theory is known as the chromosome theory of inheritance. T.H. Morgan
