Sustainable Transportation: Mobility-on-Demand Networks for Urban Mobility

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Mobility-on-Demand Networks • Problems, Problems with Current Solutions, Our Solution • Light Energy Efficient, Carbon-minimal Electric Vehicle • Stacks & One-Way Rental • Mobility-on-Demand Networks • Mobility-on-Demand Services, Products, and Business

2. PROBLEMS Mobility-on-Demand Networks • URBAN MOBILITY IN DENSE CROWDED CITIES • 50% of the world’s population are living in cities for the first time in human history, this trend will continue for the next one-hundred years. Over XX cities now have 20 million people and over XX cities now have 10 million people. This leads the following problems: • Local Pollution and Pollution leading to Global Warming • 99% of transportation solutions are still petroleum based (MIT Mobility Report) • Current solutions don’t solve all the problems (see next slide) • Congestion • Private Automobiles are heavily used and have very low utilization rates creating massive congestion (this only gets worse as more people move from 2 to 4 wheeled vehicles). • Not enough road space to carry all vehicles • Urban Energy inefficiency • Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Technology is fuel-inefficient • Use patterns of inefficient (Private cars are only utilized 5% of their total existence, When they are utilized the vehicle occupancy rate is 1.2 persons per vehicle).

3. PROBLEMS WITH THE CURRENT SOLUTIONS Mobility-on-Demand Networks • Private Automobile • Cost of ownership (expensive parking, vehicle cost, insurance, fuel costs) ~700Month (excluding parking) • 99% are environmentally unfriendly • Energy and mass inefficient – Weight of typical automobile is 25 times the driver • Creates congestion (too many private automobiles) • Taxis • Expensive • Socially challenging (many women don’t take them for safety/security concerns) • Environmentally unfriendly • Mass Transportation (Subway, Buses, etc.) • Inflexible scheduling and routing • Heavy upfront investment and time of deployment • Doesn’t solve first and last mile problem • Can be environmentally unfriendly (i.e., diesel, gasoline powered city buses) • 2-wheeled vehicles • When used as basic transportation (like scooters in Asia) create the same problems of the private automobile (pollution and congestion) • No weather protection • Walking • Limited range, baggage carry capacity, and infeasible for the aged and those with disabilities.

4. CREATING A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Mobility-on-Demand Networks The private automobile market is becoming saturated in many parts of the world, the automobiles have become commodities under intense price pressure. An innovative service model (analogous to Google) is not only environmentally sounder, but is emerging as an attractive alternative business model. Vehicle sharing will be a critical component of a sustainable transportation system that will consist of reduction of private automobiles, increased reliance on mass transit systems, and integrating clean green technologies. In particular one-way vehicle sharing enables complete flexibility and convenience of personal mobility, and can be utilized as an extension of public transportation (i.e., placement of vehicle rental stations at transit stops). The growth of vehicle sharing is inevitable as evidenced by grassroots campaigns by citizens of European and North American city centers. The cost and burden of car ownership has spurn growth in this industry and both commercial and informal vehicle sharing programs have emerged: • Bicycle Sharing (1-way sharing) • Paris (20,000 bicycles), Lyon (5,000), more here… • 70 new cities slated to have programs • 2. Car Sharing (2-way, 1-way) • Zip Car (5,000 cars) • European Car Clubs (get stats here) • Honda DIRACC (1-way sharing) • 3. Scooter Sharing (Hasn’t been done yet!) Paris Bicycle Sharing System

5. ROADBLOCKS TO VEHICLE SHARING SUCESS Mobility-on-Demand Networks Vehicle sharing is in its earliest stages of development, thus very little research and development has been devoted to optimizing the shared-use model leading to inefficiencies in vehicle utilization, expediting the rental process, integration with public transit networks, locating stations, and fleet redistribution (inefficient back-haul). These issues have stifled rapid global growth (U.S. 5000 shared cars vs. 243 Million private). • Asset Management • Failure of early vehicle sharing programs to track, distribute, and redistribute vehicles to ensure high levels of service (for the customer) and utilization. • Lack of communication between assets (vehicles, parking stations, and fleet management center). • 2. Urban Implementation • Large network of vehicles is required for one-way shared system to work. • Lack of understanding of urban mobility patterns • Unable to secure prime vehicle stations (i.e., working with private and government land owners) to create an extension of the mass transit system. • 3. Vehicle not designed for Sharing • Cars are private vehicles converted for sharing have problems with maintenance, repair, and personalization. • Vehicles not designed for short-range rentals and are energy inefficient.

6. OUR SOLUTION Mobility-on-Demand Networks Create a Mobility-on-Demand Network of one-way shared-use electric scooters distributed throughout the metropolitan area. All assets of the network (scooters, scooter stations, and information about scooter availability) will be tracked and managed by a fleet management engine. Network Link Network Link Scooter (GPS enabled) Scooter Station B (Rack & Kiosk) Network Link Computer Scooter network management engine Network Link Network Link PDA/Cell Phone Scooter Station A (Rack & Kiosk)

7. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION SMART CITIES SCOOTER Smart Cities developed a fully functional prototype of an foldable electric scooter that is designed for one-way shared-use system deployment in dense urban areas. This scooter was presented in the 2007 Milan Motorcycle Show. The. We have filed 11 provisional patents. Scooters – Smart Cities’ scooters will have the following unique capabilities: • Folding structure – this unique, patented ability reduces the footprint of the scooter to less than half of a normal scooter, enabling installing in places otherwise inaccessible. 2. Onboard location and guidance system, providing the customer data and directions to the nearest scooter rack, and monitoring the location of the scooter. 3. Low cost - Smart Cities’ scooter has only 150 parts, compared to over 1000 in a conventional scooter, making it 25% cheaper to manufacture.

8. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION SMART CITIES SCOOTER Scooter racks – Each location will have 5-20 scooters and a Kiosk – a station connected to the IT network, which combines the user interface and the battery charger and dispenser. Upon identifying themselves, customers will be allotted a battery and a scooter. Batteries will be charged in the kiosk, eliminating the need to wait for batteries to charge. Removable Swappable Battery Can be exchanged at the Scooter Kiosk Scooter Station and Kiosk Scooter Stations distributed throughout the city

9. DEFINITION: TOTAL TRIP TIME Mobility-on-Demand Networks Nodeshave parking capacities and dynamically varying customers queues & wait times Drop-off Latencyis drop-off wait time plus walking time Linkshave dynamically varying travel times (transit latencies) ZONEserved by node Pick-up latencyis walking time plus wait time Total Trip Time = Pick-up Latency + Transit Latency + Drop-off Latency

10. NODES, LINKS, AND LATENCIES Mobility-on-Demand Networks Vehicle Location Data GPS, Parking Space Sensors Pricing Queuing Theory Model Number of Vehicles LATENCIES (Mean and Variance) System Balancing Actionsredistribution trucks Real-time Mobility Demand Data Credit Card transactions Cell Phones System Historic Data

11. NODES, LINKS, AND LATENCIES Mobility-on-Demand Networks GOAL: Minimize latencies subject to vehicle and system balancing cost constraints or Meet latency targets at minimum vehicle and system balancing cost COST LATENCIES

12. MANAGING VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION BY NODE PRICING Mobility-on-Demand Networks PICKUP COSTS HIGH LOW DROPOFF COSTS LOW HIGH

13. MANAGING TRIP TIMING THROUGH PEAK PRICING Mobility-on-Demand Networks COST/MINUTE MOBILITY DEMAND

14. MOBILITY ON DEMAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Mobility-on-Demand Networks Applications Mobility-on-Demand Management System Operator Users Product Modules

15. WHAT WE ARE OFFERING • CARBON FREE MOBILITY! • Ubiquitous, lower-cost, lower-latency urban mobility than currently available. • Less Burdensome to the user – no need to own, insure, fuel, maintain, and park a private vehicle • Energy-Efficient, Carbon-minimal operation provides sustainability and responds to rapidly growing political and economic pressures.

16. INITIAL AND GLOBAL MARKET CARBON FREE MOBILITY!

17. GO TO MARKET STRATEGY CARBON FREE MOBILITY!

18. FINANCIAL MODEL CARBON FREE MOBILITY! New material here…

19. MANAGEMENT TEAM CARBON FREE MOBILITY! Ryan Chin is a PhD Candidate at MIT Media Lab's Smart Cities Group, designing sustainable mobility systems for cities. He is the project leader for the MIT CityCar and Scooter concepts. Raul-David “Retro” Poblano is director of engineering, focusing on the scooter’s fully integrated wheel robot technology, and the information-control network. Michael Chia-Liang Lin is a master's student in MIT Media Lab’s Smart Cities research group and is the scooter and rack designer. He holds a master's degree in architecture from MIT. Yaniv Fain is an MBA student at MIT Sloan, focusing on Entrepreneurship in the energy arena. Yaniv was founder and manager of an event facility where he gained marketing and sales experience. Andres Sevtsuk is a PhD candidate in Urban Studies & Planning. He is responsible for the urban economic analysis and the logistics management of the SmartCities scooter. MENTORS William J. Mitchell is Alexander Dreyfoos Professor of Architecture and Media Arts and Sciences at MIT, Director of the Smart Cities Group at the Media Lab, and Director of the MIT Design Laboratory. Frank Moss is the Director of the MIT Media Lab, entrepreneur, and 25-year veteran of the software and computer industries. He co-founded Infinity Pharmaceuticals, was the CEO and Chairman of Tivoli Systems, Inc., co-founded Stellar Computer, Inc. and Bowstreet, Inc. Larry Slotnick, Co-founder ZipCar, Former ZipCar Vehicle Fleet Manager, co-founder of LivableStreets Alliance.