The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

1. 1980-2013 The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century Chelsea Bell Southern Methodist University MSA 3325 Spring 2013

2. Historical Background the 1980s • 1980 Ronald Reagan elected president • 1981 Lady Diana Spencer marries Prince Charles • 1984 researchers identify the HIV virus and its connection to AIDS; AIDS became the leading cause of death in NYC among men ages 25 to 44 • 1988 George H.W. Bush elected president • 1989 the Berlin wall falls The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

3. Historical Background the 1990s • 1990 East and West Germany reunited • 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait • 1991 The Persian Gulf War; Operation Desert Storm • 1991 government of the Soviet Union collapses • 1992 Bill Clinton elected president; reelected in 1996 • 1993 World Trade Center bombed by terrorists killing 5 and injuring more than a thousand • 1995 Oklahoma City federal building bombed, killing 168 The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

4. Historical Background the 21st Century • 2000 George W. Bush elected president; reelected in 2004 • 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center; war in Afghanistan • 2002 the euro becomes the currency for most of the European Union • 2003 Invasion of Iraq; capture of Saddam Hussein • 2007 subprime mortgage crisis; the dollar weakens • 2008 Barack Obama elected president; reelected in 2012 The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

5. Influences on Fashion The Goths The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

6. Influences on Fashion The Preppies The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

7. Influences on Fashion Grunge The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

8. Influences on Fashion Hip-Hop The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

9. Influences on Fashion Emo The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

10. Power Dressing The 1980s The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

11. Italy Influential Designers Gianni Versace Donatella Versace Giorgio Armani Miuccia Prada Gianfranco Ferré Dolce & Gabbana The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

12. France Influential Designers AzzedineAlaïa Jean-Paul Gaultier Nicolas Ghesquière Christian Lacroix Thierry Mugler Sonia Rykiel Karl Lagerfeld The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

13. England Influential Designers Hussein Chalayan John Galliano Stella McCartney Alexander McQueen Zandra Rhodes Vivienne Westwood The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

14. Belgium/Germany Influential Designers Martin Margiela Jil Sander Ann Demeulmeester Walter van Bierendonck Dries Van Noten The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

15. Japan Influential Designers Yohji Yamamoto ReiKawakubo Issey Miyake Kenzo Hanae Mori The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

16. United States Influential Designers Isaac Mizrahi Michael Kors Tom Ford Marc Jacobs Zac Posen Donna Karan The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

17. LVMH Moët Hennessy  Louis Vuitton S.A. Fashion Christian Dior Fendi Donna Karan Emilio Pucci Givenchy Kenzo Berluti Moynat Louis Vuitton Marc Jacobs Loewe Céline Edun Thomas Pink Specialist Retailing Sephora DFS Le Bon Marché Watches and Jewelry TAG Geuer Zenith Hublot Chaumet Bulgari Fashion Conglomerates Wine and Spirits Moët et Chandon Krug VeuveClicquot Mercier Château d’Yquen Hennessy Glenmarangie Belvedere Ardbeg DomaineChandon California Ruinart Perfmes and Cosmetics Acquadi Parma Benefit Cosmetics Parfums Christian Dior Guerlain Make Up for Ever The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

18. Kering (formerly PPR) Prada Group Fashion Conglomerates Gucci Group Gucci Alexander McQueen Stella McCartney Yves Saint Laurent BottegaVeneta Balenciaga Sergio Rossi Boucheron Prada MiuMiu Church’s The Original Car Shoe Richemont Cartier Van Cleef & Arpels Lancel Montblanc Chloé Shanghai Tang AzzedineAlaia Net A Porter Chanel S A Chanel Eres seven ateliers who specialize in haute couture techniques: A.Michel et Cie (hats) Les Broderies Lesage (embroidery) Lemarie (feathers & flowers) Desrue (luxury buttons) Puma Puma Treton The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century

19. Limited Brands Puig Group Fashion Conglomerates Victoria’s Secret Bath & Body Works PINK La Senza Henri Bendel Carolina Herrera Nina Ricci PacoRabanne Aeffe Group Gap INC Diesel Alberta Ferretti Moschino Moschino Cheap and Chic Pollini Gap Banana Republic Piperlime Old Navy Liz Claiborne Victor & Rolf Maison Martin Margiela DSquared2 Juicy Couture Kate Spade Lucky Brand Jeans Mexx DKNY Jeans Kensie The Eighties, the Nineties, and the Twenty-first Century