WM Ch 15 Forest management and Wildlife

1. WM Ch 15 Forest management and Wildlife

2. 1.  Discuss the History of forest management. Prior to 1900’s forests thought to be inexhaustable, NOT 1975 American Forestry Association in Chicago – preserve forests and timber 1891 – Congress authorized president to set aside forests to keep loggers out (Harrison) Roosevelt + Pinchot – biggest impact, large acreage set aside Wilderness Act of 1964 = National Parks protected and increased acreage set aside. 1976 National Forest management Act – manage forests as renewable resources

3. Ownership of lands

4. 2.  Describe different types of management. Clear cut – only cut large commercial significant trees Shelterwood cut – cut all but few large Seed tree cut- some large trees left for seed Single tree – selected trees only – valuable such as cherry, walnut, bird’s eye maple Group selection – small groups marked and cut

5. 3.  Describe at least 8 life forms & examples

6. 4.  What is cover? Why important?

7. 5 . Vocabulary What Is a Snag? A snag is any dead or dying standing tree. For wildlife purposes, snags should be at least three inches in diameter at breast height (dbh) and at least six feet tall. Snags may develop cavities which either occur naturally or are excavated by birds and mammals. Over 85 species of North American birds, 35 of which occur in the Northeast, use cavities in dead or deteriorating trees. Snags also provide essential habitat requirements for cavity-using amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Snags are used for nesting, shelter and feeding sites.

8. 5. Vocabulary Old growth forests What are old growth forests?Old growth forests have been growing and evolving naturally for millions of years. Why are old growth forests important?Old growth forests have values that cannot be found anywhere else. They are unique and irreplaceable.  What is happening to the old growth?The intensive logging practices used by CALM and the native forest timber industry have major impacts on the forest ecosystem, many of which are irreversible. What should happen to the old growth?Old growth forest should be protected because there is so little left and it provides various types of habitat that regrowth cannot provide.

9. 5 . Vocabulary Private forests Forest Protection The Forest Protection Section gives landowners current and historical information on forest health, protected native plants, and programs for protection, including up to date pest alerts. A healthy forest contributes to environmental quality and provides wildlife and plant habitats. Private Forestry Assistance Foresters provide advisory information to private forest landowners and are involved in programs that promote the management of forest resources. Foresters also administer federally funded cost share programs available to landowners and real property tax incentive programs. The function of Private Forestry is to provide landowners with unbiased forestry information, to help landowners develop management plans, and to and provide information to further the understanding of forestry to the public. Private sector cooperating foresters enhance the availability of professional forestry assistance.

10. 5. Vocabulary Clear cut – only cut large commercial significant trees Shelterwood cut – cut all but few large Seed tree cut- some large trees left for seed Single tree – selected trees only – valuable such as cherry, walnut, bird’s eye maple Group selection – small groups marked and cut

11. 5 . Vocabulary Rotation – cutting fast growing trees for energy biomass burning (willow or poplar) or coppice – energy or crafts. Shade tolerant – trees that can withstand shade Dogwood, redbud, maple Shade intolerant – walnut, oak, river birch