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Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules. 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones. Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones. A carbonyl group , in an aldehyde , is attached to at least one H atom in a ketone , is attached to two carbon groups. Guide to Naming Aldehydes. Naming Aldehydes.

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Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

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  1. Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1Aldehydes and Ketones

  2. Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones A carbonyl group, • in an aldehyde, is attached to at least one H atom • in a ketone, is attached to two carbon groups

  3. Guide to Naming Aldehydes

  4. Naming Aldehydes An aldehyde • has an IUPAC name in which the e in the alkane name is changed to al • has a common name for the first four aldehydes that use the prefixesform- (1C), acet- (2C), propion- (3C), and butyr- (4C), followed by -aldehyde

  5. Names of Some Typical Aldehydes

  6. Aldehydes in Flavorings • Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavorings for foods and fragrances. Benzaldehyde (almonds) Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)

  7. Naming Ketones Ketones are named • in the IUPAC system by replacing the e in the alkane name with one; the carbonyl carbon is indicated by a number • with a common name by indicating the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group in alphabetical order followed by ketone.

  8. Guide to Naming Ketones

  9. Ketones in Common Use Butter flavoring Solvent: nail polish remover (acetone, propanone, dimethylketone)

  10. A. B. C. D. Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone.

  11. A. B. C. D. Solution Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone. 2) ketone 1) aldehyde 1) aldehyde 2) ketone

  12. A. B. CH3─O─CH3 C. D. Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde, 2) ketone, 3) alcohol, or 4) ether.

  13. Solution A. B. CH3─O─CH3 1) ketone 4) ether C. D. 3) alcohol 2) aldehyde

  14. 1. 2. 3. Learning Check Name each of the following:

  15. 1. 2. 3. Solution Pentanal 3-Chloropropanal 2-Butanone; ethyl methyl ketone

  16. A. B. C. Learning Check Name the following compounds:

  17. A. B. C. Solution Name the following compounds: 2-Pentanone; methyl propyl ketone Cyclohexanone 3,3-Dimethylbutanal

  18. Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formulas for each of the following: A. 4-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

  19. Solution A. 4-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

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