Podcasting is functional Extra slides Larger format slides

1. Podcasting is functional • Extra slides • Larger format slides

2. Inflammation • Inflammation - local accumulation of fluid and cells involved in the immune response - State of Inflammation is induced - increased swelling, pain, heat and redness. • Blood capillary dilation = heat = redness • Vascular dilation = swelling = pain • Extravasation - change in adhesiveness of the endothelial tissue allowing immune cells to attach and migrate into the connective tissue

3. Figure 1-11 part 1 of 2 Flowchart of Hematopoiesis Pluripotent stem cell

4. Figure 1-11 Flowchart of Hematopoiesis Leukocytes

5. Myeloid Lineage

6. Figure 1-9 part 3 of 6 Granulocytes (Myeloid progenitor) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs) Neutrophils: Most abundant Phagocyte Effector cells of Innate Immunity Short-lived - Pus Eosinophils: Worms/intestinal parasites Amplify inflammation Bind IgE Very Toxic - Pathogen and host Chronic asthma Basophils: Rare Unknown function Bind to IgE

7. Circulate in blood • Bigger than PMLs • Look similar • Immature form of macrophage • Scavengers • Phagocytose pathogens, cells, debris • Secrete cytokines

8. Figure 1-13

9. Figure 1-14

10. Star-shape • In tissue • Cellular messenger • Cargo cell • Connective tissue • Unknown progenitor • Granules • Degranulation major contributor to inflammation and allergies

11. Large lymphocytes NK cells Innate immunity Small lymphocytes B cells T cells Adaptive immunity Lymphoid Lineage Cells

12. Figure 1-9 part 2 of 6 Lymp • Large lymphocyte with granular cytoplasm • Effector cell of innate immunity

13. Adaptive IR • Small and immature • Activated by pathogen • Two types • - B cell • - T cell • B cells have B cell receptors and secrete Ab • T cells have T cell receptors

14. Erythroid Lineage

15. Figure 1-9 part 6 of 6 • Giant nucleus • Resident of bone marrow • Fusion of precursor cells • Fragments to make platelets • Gas transport • Infected by Plasmodium falciparum

16. Figure 1-11 part 2 of 2 Lymphoid Myeloid Erythroid

17. Plasma White blood cells Red blood cells Centrifuged blood sample

18. Figure 1-12

19. 20 45H 55H

20. Figure 1-15 Sites of Lymphoid Tissue Mouth-3 billion neutrophils/day Primary and Secondary GALT, BALT, MALT Lymph Recirculation

21. Figure 1-16 Draining Lymph node Edema Afferent and Efferent

22. Figure 1-17 part 1 of 2

23. B-cell area (follicle)

24. Lymphocytes Efferent lymph artery Lymphocyte not activated T-cell area Afferent lymph Pathogen Dendritic cells Activated by dendritic cell T helper cell (lymph node) T helper cell (Infection site) Cytotoxic T cell (Infection site) Activate B cells Activate Macrophages Kills infected host cells Make Antibodies

26. Figure 1-19 Anatomy of immune function in the Spleen • Blood filtering organ • Blood borne pathogens • Red pulp - red cells • White pulp - Immune system

27. Figure 1-20 M cells Activated lymphocytes

29. Adaptive Immunity • Vertebrates only • Specificity - recognition modules - BCR, Ab and TCR - gene rearrangement is the source of diversity - clonal selection • Small lymphocytes - types and sub-types - functions

30. Recognition concept Receptor or Antibody molecule Antigen - structure recognized by an Ab, BCR or TCR Epitope - particular sub-structure of the Ag that is bound Affinity - how much a molecule likes to bind to a structure

31. Small lymphocyte sub-types B-cells BCR is Immunoglobulin (Ig) Plasma cells - effector cells that secrete Ab T-cells Tc = cytotoxic (CD8+) TH = helper T-cells (CD4+) Th1 (inflammation) Th2 (help B-cells make AB)

32. Recognition modules of Adaptive immunity B cells T cells

33. B-cells T-cell

34. Figure 1-25 Extracellular pathogens Intracellular pathogens

35. Figure 1-26 MHC class I communicates with Tc cells

36. Figure 1-27 MHC class II communicates with TH cells

37. Parasitic infection Parasite + Mast cell • Neutralization • Opsonization • Inflammation Inflammation Mast cell activated Expel and/or destroy pathogen

38. Principles of Adaptive Immunity Diversity Specificity Memory Self-tolerance

39. Gene Rearrangement is the source of Diversity Germline configuration Diversity Alternative combinations Imprecise joints Different types of chains B-cells - somatic hypermutation In the absence of antigen

40. Clonal Selection Each cell = one receptor Millions of lymphocytes are generated Small subset will recognize a pathogen Proliferation and differentiation Acquired immunity - the adaptive immunity provided by immunological memory

41. Figure 1-22

42. Figure 1-30

43. Polio Vaccine - Inactive vs Oral “live” version

44. Figure 1-28 Mechanism of Self-tolerance

45. Immunodeficiencies Inherited deficiencies Stress induced Pathogen caused deficiencies

46. Figure 1-32 Cells and molecules involved in Hypersensitivity Diseases • IgE • IgG • CD4 TH1 • CD8 CTL

47. Figure 1-33 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

48. Figure 1-34