The Computer Industry

1. The Computer Industry Unit L

2. Calculating Machine History • Calculation is based on an algorithm • Manual calculators • Abacus (1200) • Slide rules (1621) • Mechanical calculator (1623) • Analytical engine (1834 – Babbage)

3. Calculating Machine History • Herman Hollerith • Electronic punch card system • Hollerith Tabulating Machine (1890) • The Tabulating Machine Company became IBM in 1924

4. Generation of Technology 1st • Vacuum tubes store data • Drawbacks: • Use much power; generates a lot of heat • Burn out quickly • ENIAC (had 18,000 tubes) • No operating systems • Used custom application programs

5. Generation of Technology 2nd • Transistors used (1947) • Smaller, cheaper, less power, more reliable • Compilers and high-level languages born • Gave birth to software industry

6. Generation of Technology 3rd • Integrated circuits invented (1958) • RCA and IBM used circuits in 1965 • DEC introduced successful minicomputer

7. Generation of Technology 4th • Microprocessor developed in 1971 • PCs were born • Industry leaders • Intel • Zilog • Motorola • Texas Instruments

8. Companies that manufacture computers Software publishers Peripheral device manufacturers Companies that develop, produce, sell, or support computers, software or computer-related products IBM and Microsoft Industry Types Computer Industry IT Industry

9. IT Industry Categories • Equipment (IBM, Cisco) • Chipmakers (Intel, AMD) • Software (Microsoft) • Service (AOL/TimeWarner, EDS) • Retailers (CompUSA, PC Connection) • Dot coms (sometimes under IT industry)

10. IT Industry – Silicon Valley Handspring AMD Apple Oracle Palm Cisco Intel HP Sun Microsystems

11. IT Industry Contributions • US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – IT contributions • 1985: 5% • 1990: >6% • 2000: 8.6% • Biggest computer hardware producers • U.S., Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, China

12. IT Industry – Government Regulation • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications • Radio, television, wire, satellite and cable • U.S. Federal Trade Commission • Department of Justice • U.S. government restricts imports/exports

13. Information Technology Industry Council • Powerful lobbying group • Oppose legislation that curtails technology innovation and use Software and Information Industry Association • Protects intellectual property of members via an anti-piracy program IEEE Standards Association • Helps provide industry technology standards IT Industry – Self Regulation

14. Marketing – Computer Life Cyle • Product development • secretly • Product announcement • vaporware: products announced, not produced • Product introduction • manufacturers suggested retail price may be high at first • Product maintenance • price decreases to a street price • Product retirement

15. Marketing – Software • Extensive testing required before release • Alpha test (in-house testing team) • Beta test (off-site testers) • New package can be • New product • New version or release (significant changes) • Revision (minor changes and fixes) • Users need to upgrade

16. Marketing Terminology • Market share: company’s percentage of the total market pie; use to gauge success • Marketing channels: • Distribution centers • Computer retail stores • Manufacturer direct • Mail-order • Value-Added Resellers (VARs)

17. IT Market Tiers First (top) tier Large companies; identifiable share (>2%) Second tier Newer companies; lower share; fewer resources Startup companies; mail order Third tier Computers usually more expensive from top tier companies

18. Systems analyst Security specialist Computer programmer Quality assurance specialist Database administrator Network specialist or administrator Computer operator Computer engineer Technical support specialist Technical writer Computer salesperson Web site designer Manufacturing technician IT Careers

19. IT Career Trends • Jobs substantially increase by 2008 • Must be willing to train and retrain • Contract workers • Telecommuting • Voluntary turnover rate • Decrease via employee-friendly working conditions

20. Ergonomics

21. IT Job Requirements • Job experience • Certification • Associate’s degree (2 yr.) • Bachelor’s degree • Advanced degree

22. IT Certifications • Certificates of Completion • Complete one or more courses • Certification Exam • Test verifies your knowledge level • Categories • General knowledge, software, database, networking, hardware • CCP, MOUS, MCDBA, MCSE, A+

23. 4-Year Degree Programs • Computer Engineering • Design of computer hardware/peripherals • Computer Science • Computer architecture and software • How to program computers for effectiveness and efficiency • Information Systems • Applying computers to business problems

24. Other College Programs • Associate degrees • Graphic design, networking, telecommunications • Master’s degrees • Software engineering • Doctoral degrees • Software engineering, systems software development and MIS • Technical research or college professor

25. IT Careers – Finding Information • www.petersons.com • Database of 2-year and 4-year programs • Provides testing services of admissions and certification • www.microsoft.com/traincert/exams • Certification, competency topics, training • www.cisco.com • Certification options, exam info and training partners

26. IT Employment – Job Seeking • Identify • Job titles relevant to your skills • Potential employers • Geographic preferences • Create resume • Look for jobs by contacting • Potential employers, school placement, employment agencies, recruiting firms

27. www.computerjobs.com Online Job Bank Online search agent www.careerbuilder.com IT Employment – Internet

28. TechTalk: The Future of Computing • Moore’s Law • Chip power doubles every 18 months; hold true until 2012 • Current technology • Silicon-based • Future technology • Molecular computing (carbon nanotube) • Biological computing (DNA strands) • Quantum computing (qubit)

29. The Computer Industry End