Computer Industry

1. Computer Industry • One of the most influential industries to the economy. • Constant state of change • The market is unlimited • The main distribution channel of computers is the Internet.

2. The Future of PC Technology Amy Gentile Susie Warning Besty Buckham Kehinde Walker Rajnita Gupta

3. PC’s Encourage… • Software Learning Experiences • Better Management and Control Opportunities • Better Network Relationships • Creativity and Innovation • Involvement of Engineers

4. Breakthrough Technology • 1969 - Silicon chip • 1980’s – desktops in corporations • 1990’s – Powerful Pc’s • 1997 -Popular PC’s • 1998 - Sales grew to $170 billion

5. PC Costs • In 1997 the average cost was $1,600. • In 1999 the average cost was $950. • Prices will continue to decrease.

6. Forecasts: • Satellites • Internet • Super Materials • Edutainment • Hybrid Fuel Vehicles • Personalized Public Transportation • High Power Energy Packages • Omnipresent Computing • Nanotechnology

7. What is a Satellite? • Wireless receiver/transmitter • Hundreds of satellites currently in use • Used for : • weather forecasting • television broadcast • radio communications • Internet • Global Positioning System

9. How do Satellites Work? • Communications subsystem very important • Significant factors: • special antennas • receivers • transmitters • Radio dishes transmit and receive signals to communicate

10. Command and Data • Subsystems that are very important to the functions of satellites • Consist of computers that gather and process data on a satellite • Inputs • Outputs

11. GPS (Global Positioning System) • Collection of 24 satellites that orbit the Earth • Identify location • Each satellite contains a computer, an atomic clock, and a radio. • Clock, continually broadcasts its changing position and time • OnStar systems

12. The Global Positioning System satellites locate a vehicle • Special hand held cellular phone provides a communications link • Most likely become so common that it is a standard feature • Most important is the automatic air bag notification

13. Other Features: • Convenience/Information Services • Concierge Services • Emergency Services • Remote Door Unlock • Roadside Assistance • Route Support • New Services • Theft Protection

14. The Future of Satellite • Smart maps and tracking devices • Safer and easier • Show travelers, boaters, and hikers their exact position and direction • Prevent crime • Automatic driving

15. The Future of the Internet

16. Personal Computing at The Next Level • Hewlett-Packard Developments • PC eyeglasses

17. The “Internet Home” • Homeowners choose • Home web site • Automated appliances • Replacement of PCs

18. 2010 and Beyond… • New appliances and features • Food and packaging • Anti-bacterial concerns • Environmental concerns

19. “The most likely way for the world to be destroyed is by accident. That’s where we come in; we’re computer professionals. We cause accidents.”-Nathaniel Borenstein • Engineers, Scientists, and Computer Technologist are combining forces to create the greatest technical revolution. The invention of smart materials will shift the computer industry to new heights.

20. Smart Materials

21. Institute of Physics (IOP), U.K.Definition… • Materials Science • Sensing and Actuation • Optics and Electromagnetics • Structures • Control

22. Materials Science • Composites • Ceramics • Processing Science • Interface Science • Conducting and Chiral Polymers • Electro chromic Materials • Liquid Crystals • Biomaterials

23. Sensing and Actuation • Electromagnetic Sensing • Acoustic Sensing • Singled-Measured Sensors • Compatibility of Sensors and Actuators with Conventional and Advanced Materials • Smart Sensors for Materials and Composites Processing

24. Optics and Electromagnetics • Optical Fiber Technology • Active and Adaptive Optical Systems • Tunable High-Dielectric Phase Shifters • Tunable Surface Control

25. Structures • Smart Skins (for drag and turbulence control) • Applications in Aerospace and Hydrospace Structures • Civil Infrastructures • Transportation Vehicles • Manufacturing Equipment

26. Control • Structural Acoustic Control • Analogue and Digital Feedback Control • Real-Time Implementation • Adaptive Structure Stability • Damage for Structural Control • Information Processing

27. Smart Structures • Bridges, office buildings that will detect stress and warn drivers of stress related situations • Example – The bridge will change colors when it senses stress.

28. Smart Homes • Homes will be built with sensor computers to with a security system and sensors to detect problems • Smart Materials would allow structures to reconstruct in cases of disaster. Rebuilding would occur in modules. Each module would take five hour maximum to rebuild itself. • Example - When fires, tornados, floods, huricanes, earthquakes occur and cause damage to houses, smart homes will rebuild itself.

29. Edutainment…. • Educational Games and Computerized Simulations • Virtual Reality Video and Entertainment • Virtual Amusement Parks, Petting Zoos, Water Parks

30. Smart Clothing • Shoes and clothing that would adapt to the weather • Example- shoes would contain a mini computer that prompted various shoe covering to fit the weather. ( i.e. rain, snow)

31. Hybrid Fueled Vehicles • Smart Vehicles will be equipped to handle several types of fuel • Gas will be used but it will be reformulated and combined with other energy sources to reduce emissions and increase performance • Example- Energy sources for our cars will be water, sunlight, air

32. The Future of Transportation • Alternative mobile power • Public transportation infrastructure • Elimination of traffic jams and rush hours • High demand for personal vehicles

33. Smart Transportation • Cars will be able to function in all types of situations. Cars will function in the on the ground, in the air, and underwater.

34. Omnipresent Computing • Miniaturization of electronics for personal use. • Interactive, wireless, data centers in a unit size of a pocket calculator will serve as a fax, telephone and computer • Even smaller

35. Ominipresent computers • Always with you • Hands-free • Always on and working, sensing and acting • Sensors that include wireless communications, GPS, cameras and microphones • Immediate notification of e-mail

36. Omnipresent Computing • By 2020, these computers embedded in our clothes • Possibly implanted in our skin

37. Nanotechnology: Its impact on the future of computers.

38. What is Nanotechnology? • It is the manufacturing of things one atom at a time with the use of small, programmed self-replicating robotic arms, (which are about 3 to 4 atoms wide) . • The production of matter would be computerized at an atomic level.

40. What can nanotechnology do for the future? • Reversing aging, hence immortality • Easy and affordable space travel • Reversing environmental damage • Reintroduction of extinct organisms • Faster computers • And much more

41. How do we research nanotechnology? • It combines the disciplines of: • Computer science • Chemistry • Biology • Physics • Electronics

42. Nanotechnology Research (cont’d) • The goal is to be able to manipulate atoms individually, placing them where we want, on a structure. • $100 million has been invested in a 10 year nanotechnology research project in Japan at MITI.

43. Nanotechnology Research (cont’d) • Atomic-level precision is predicted to come into place by 2015. • However, it could be many years before we see significant impact.

44. Nanotechnology and computers • A primitive computer many years ago was the size of a room. • Overtime, computers have gotten smaller. • With the use of nanotechnology, computers would become very, very small, and billions of times faster.

45. Labor and nanotechnology • A lot of the labor market will consist of Systems programmers. • Systems programmers would have to write the software for microscopic computers to follow. • Industrial-manufacturing processes will become obsolete. • Consumer goods will be produced inexpensively, but durable.

46. Microscopic computers would be able to: • Patrol our bodies as artificial immune systems • Repair cells • Manipulate DNA --Hence reversing the aging process.

47. Nanoecology • No Waste...No By-Products...No Slag...Nothing to Dump, Spew or Pollute • “Servants of Humanity" will be called upon to resurface existing roads with a coating of high-efficiency solar cells. • Only a small portion of existing road surface would be needed for energy collection.

48. How to get involved…. • Rice University in Houston, Texas, has a Nanotechnology Task Force. • There is no specialized degree for nanotechnology, but the best place to go is Rice University, and apply for one of the science programs.

49. How we make it happen? • Currently, there are many government projects. • But we need more funding to support these projects. • Currently the most expensively funded project in the world is the one in Japan, for $100 million, (as mentioned earlier). • Not enough people know about it.

50. Nanotechnology web sites • http://www.nanozine.com • http://www.zyvex.com/nano/ • http://www.foresight.org/ • http://www.nanoindustries.com • http://www.nsf.gov/home/crssprgm/nano/start.htm