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Superior Sentences

Learn the different types and components of sentences, including nouns, pronouns, prepositions, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and conjunctions. Explore the different roles and functions they play in sentences.

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Superior Sentences

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  1. Superior Sentences Sentence Types and Components

  2. Parts of Speech (NIPPAVAC) • Nouns • Interjections • Pronouns • Preposition • Adjectives • Verbs • Adverbs • Conjunctions

  3. Nouns • Singular (one noun) • mother • café • child • fox • church • Plural (More than one noun) • mothers • cafes • children • foxes • churches • Person • mother • student • baker • Place • school • hospital • restaurant • Thing • cat • book • movie • Concept • love • freedom • forgiveness • Proper Nouns [capitalize these] • Formal names of people, buildings, places, events, titles, etc. • Paris • Dr. Spock • Common Nouns • All other nouns

  4. Interjections • Hey • Wow • Oh • Ah • Oops • No • Hooray • Ouch • Yikes • Yes • OMG • Etc. • Words that show excitement or emotion. • Followed by a comma or exclamation point

  5. Pronouns • Personal Pronouns • 3 Voices • First person (I, we) • Second person (you) • Third person (he, she, it, they) • 2 Forms • Singular (I, he, she, it, you) • Plural (We, they, you) • 4 Cases • Nominative (Subject case) • Objective (Object case) • Possessive (Ownership) • Reflexive (-self) • Words that stand in for nouns • Types of Pronouns • Personal • Demonstrative (This, that, these, those) • Indefinite (anyone, one, someone, etc.) • Relative (That, Who , Which) • Interrogative (Who, Which, What) • Reciprocal (Each other, One another)

  6. Prepositions • regarding • round • save • since • than • through • to • toward • towards • under • underneath • unlike • until • up • upon • versus • via • with • within • without • following • for • from • in • inside • into • like • minus • near • of • off • on • onto • opposite • outside • over • past • per • plus • aboard • about • above • across • after • against • along • amid • among • anti • around • as • at • before • behind • below • beneath • beside • besides • between • beyond • but • concerning • considering • despite • down • during • except • excepting • excluding

  7. Adjectives • Adjective Categories • Determiners (articles and demonstrative pronouns) • Observations • Size sand Shapes • Ages • Colors • Origins • Materials • Qualifiers • Possessives (pronouns) • Articles [a, an, the] • Degrees of Adjectives • Positive [good] • Comparative [better] • Superlative [best] • Words that describe nouns • Answers: How many? What kind? Which? • Adjective suffixes • -ible, -able • -ful • -al • -ic • -ive • -less • -ous

  8. Verbs Verb tenses • Present • Simple [walk, walks] • Perfect [have walked] • Progressive [is walking] • Past • Simple [walked] • Perfect [had walked] • Progressive [was walking] • Future • Simple [will walk] • Perfect [will have walked] • Progressive [will be walking] • 3 types • Active [show action] • Linking [show being] • Helping [show tense] • 2 Roles • Transitive (with object) • Intransitive (without object)

  9. Adverbs • Adverb suffix – ly • Degrees of Adverbs • Positive [happily] • Comparative [more happily] • Superlative [most happily] • Describe an action or an adjective • Answer: How? Where? When? • Kinds of adverbs • Time [now] • Manner [slowly] • Place [there] • Frequency [often] • Purpose [to -]

  10. Conjunctions • Connect words, phrases, clauses, and ideas • 3 kinds • Coordinating • [for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so] • Correlative • [both...and, not only...but, also, either...or, neither...nor, whether...or] • Subordinating

  11. 4 Kinds of Sentences • Declarative – makes a statement • The grass is green. • Interrogative – asks a question • How long is that grass? • Imperative – gives a command • Mow the grass. • Exclamatory – makes an exclamation • I am not mowing the grass no matter what!

  12. Sentence Components: Subject • The subject is the person or thing performing the action in the sentence and all of the words that modify that actor. • The subject controls the agreement of verbs and pronouns. • Nouns, pronouns, and gerunds (-ing verbs acting like nouns) can be subjects. • Wolves eat rabbits. • Swimming is fun. • I am tired today.

  13. Sentence Components: Predicate • The predicate is the action or state of the actor or subject of the sentence. • Objects and verbs (and any phrases describing them) together make up the predicate. • Wolves eat rabbits. • Swimming is fun. • I am tired today.

  14. Sentence Components: Objects/Predicate Nominative and Adjective • Predicate Nominative [noun] • In sentences with linking verbs • Dad is home. • Predicate Adjective • In sentences with linking verbs • Dad is happy. Direct Object • The thing receiving the action • The car hit the tree. • I baked a cake. Indirect Object • To or for whom the action is done • I baked my dad a cake.

  15. Sentence Components: Phrases • Prepositional Phrases [begin with a preposition and end in a noun, may modify the subject or the predicate.] • (In the beginning), one (of my ancestors) was the Shaman (of the tribe). • Adverbial Phrases [modify a verb] • The rain dripped (in a fretful pattern) [all day]. • Adjective Phrases [modify a noun] • [The sometimes-mysterious] girl became my friend.

  16. Sentence Components: Clauses • Because I love ice cream [Dependent] • Cats can scream loudly [Independent] • While the dogs barked [Dependent] • When the wind blows [Dependent] • The storm rages [Independent] • All clauses have a subject and a predicate • Independent Clauses • Could stand alone as a sentence or be combined with other clauses. • Dependent Clauses • Begin with a subordinating conjunction, so they cannot stand alone as a sentence.

  17. Simple Sentences • Have one subject and one predicate • Wild horseshave been seen on that island. • Sometimes the predicate is compound (in 2 parts) • The wild horses on the island roam free and live happy, albeit difficult, lives. • Sometimes the subject is compound (in 2 parts) • The wild horses and cougarslived peacefully together.

  18. Compound Sentences • Are made up of 2 independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction and a comma. • Compound sentences have 2 subjects and 2 predicates • The wild horses nearly starved, but the cougarsthrived that winter. • Sometimes Ibike to school, and youpass me by on your motorcycle.

  19. Complex Sentences • Have [dependent clause] connected to an independent clause by a comma. • [After the partyended], my friendsspent the night at my house. • The weekend at the lake relaxed me, [although I had to work]. • The kidsneed to go to bed, [whether or not theywant to], no later than 8:00 p.m.

  20. Compound-Complex Sentences • Have 2 independent clauses and a dependent clause, so there are 3 subject with 3 predicates. • [Though Annieprefers watching mystery films], sherented the latest romantic comedy, and sheenjoyed it very much. • Maryforgot her friend's birthday, so shesent her a card [when she finally remembered].

  21. Writing Superior Sentences • Specific subjects • Active verbs (predicate) • Vary sentence structures • Avoid wordiness • Avoid vague words

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