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Nervous system

Nervous system. Ch 48. Mindboggling . How does your mind perceive objects? . What is it?. Duck or bunny. Count the black dots. Are the lines straight or diagonal?. What is it?. Man playing horn, or a woman’s face?. What is it?. Skull or woman looking into a mirror?. What is it?.

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Nervous system

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  1. Nervous system Ch 48

  2. Mindboggling How does your mind perceive objects?

  3. What is it? Duck or bunny

  4. Count the black dots.

  5. Are the lines straight or diagonal?

  6. What is it? Man playing horn, or a woman’s face?

  7. What is it? Skull or woman looking into a mirror?

  8. What is it? Native american profile or eskimo entering a cave?

  9. What is it? One man or several people?

  10. What is it? Face or the word liar?

  11. What word do you see? LIFT

  12. Grey Squares?

  13. Are the lines parallel or curved?

  14. Which is longer?

  15. What is it? Young girl or old woman?

  16. Move your head back and forth.

  17. And here is another type of illusion.Count the people in the picture below.After they shift, count them again!

  18. Your distance from this photo determines what you see.  Try stepping closer (or farther away)

  19. Giant frog or Tiny baby?

  20. Sidewalk chalk illusions

  21. Sidewalk Chalk Illusions

  22. Visual Imagery (visual cortex) • Visualize a place you’d like to be. Maybe it’s riding a bike, sitting in the park or just hanging out in your bedroom. Create an image of that place and hold it in your mind for a minute.

  23. Cognitive • Starting at 100, count backwards by 7.

  24. Hippocampus • Recall an event from your past, try to remember as many details as you can from it. (Example: the first time you rode a bike, a family holiday). What emotions were you feeling?

  25. Memory • Memorize this list • Candy, Head, Bear, Farm, Ring, Cat, Jennifer, Necklace, Nine, Pen

  26. What were the items on the list? • How can you make it easier to remember a list?

  27. PET SCANS • Positron Emission Tomography

  28. List the colors.

  29. Train Your Brain. • Don’t look at the clock, but have you partner watch it. Try to guess how long it takes for 30 seconds to pass. After a few tries you should become more accurate.

  30. Processing Words and Letters Read the Sentence and count how many letter F's are in it. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITHTHE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS...

  31. Processing Words and Letters Read the Sentence and count how many letter F's are in it.   -  THERE ARE 6FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITHTHE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS...  Your brain does not process the word "of" when reading sentences.

  32. The Nervous System • The nervous system is divided into two systems: • The central nervous system (CNS) • The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

  33. The CNS Contains the brain and the spinal cord Controls skeletal muscles and voluntary movement

  34. Sensory input Integration Sensor Motor output Effector Central nervoussystem (CNS) Peripheral nervoussystem (PNS) Figure 48.3 The PNS • The PNS can be broken down into a sensory and motor division. • The sensory division carries information to the CNS • The motor division carries information away from the CNS

  35. 2 6 5 4 1 3 Gray matter Sensory neurons convey the information to the spinal cord. Sensors detect a sudden stretch in the quadriceps. The sensory neurons communicate with motor neurons that supply the quadriceps. The motor neurons convey signals to the quadriceps, causing it to contract and jerking the lower leg forward. Cell body of sensory neuronin dorsal root ganglion Sensory neurons from the quadriceps also communicate with interneuronsin the spinal cord. Quadricepsmuscle Hamstringmuscle White matter The interneurons inhibit motor neurons that supply the hamstring (flexor) muscle. This inhibition prevents the hamstring from contracting, which would resist the action of the quadriceps. Spinal cord(cross section) Sensory neuron Motor neuron The reflex is initiated by tapping the tendon connected to the quadriceps (extensor) muscle. Interneuron Figure 48.4 • The three stages of information processing • Are illustrated in the knee-jerk reflex

  36. The Peripheral Nervous System • The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS • And plays a large role in regulating a vertebrate’s movement and internal environment

  37. The cranial nerves originate in the brain • And terminate mostly in organs of the head and upper body • The spinal nerves originate in the spinal cord • And extend to parts of the body below the head

  38. Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Enteric division Figure 48.21 • The PNS can be divided into two functional components • The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

  39. The somatic nervous system • Carries signals to skeletal muscles • The autonomic nervous system • Regulates the internal environment, in an involuntary manner • Is divided into the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions • The CNS controls skeletal muscles and voluntary movement, while the ANS controls the involuntary activities of the body; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

  40. The ANS The ANS is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

  41. The sympathetic division • Correlates with the “fight-or-flight” response • The parasympathetic division • Promotes a return to self-maintenance functions • The enteric division • Controls the activity of the digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder

  42. Nerve Cells Before delving into the various divisions of the nervous system, it is important to look at the mechanics of nerve cell transmission The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron

  43. Dendrites Cell body Nucleus Synapse Signal direction Axon Axon hillock Presynaptic cell Postsynaptic cell Myelin sheath Synapticterminals Figure 48.5 Neuron • There are three main parts to a nerve cell: • The cell body- the main body of the neuron • The dendrite- the short, branched processed of a neuron that helps to bring the nerve impulse toward the cell body • The axon- the long extensions that leave from a neuron and carry the impulse away from the cell body toward target cells

  44. Neruon CNS nerve cells are myelinated neurons, which means that they have a layer of insulation around the axon, allowing for faster transmission It is the cable internet of the body

  45. Nerve Cells • The nerve cells can be divided into three main classes: sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons • Sensory neurons- receive and communicate information from the sensory environment • Interneurons- function to make synaptic connections with other neurons. • Located in the CNS, they tie together sensory input and motor output and are the intermediaries of the operation

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