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Do Birds Drink?

Do Birds Drink?. Evaporative Water Loss versus Body Mass. Fig. 6-24 in Gill 2008. Evaporative Cooling. H 2 0 (liquid). + Energy. H 2 0 (gas). California Towhee. 40 o F. 30 o F. Water Loss Quadruples. Obtaining Water: Direct Uptake. Obtaining Water: Fleshy Food.

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Do Birds Drink?

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  1. Do Birds Drink?

  2. Evaporative Water Loss versus Body Mass Fig. 6-24 in Gill 2008

  3. Evaporative Cooling H20 (liquid) + Energy H20 (gas) California Towhee 40o F 30o F Water Loss Quadruples

  4. Obtaining Water: Direct Uptake

  5. Obtaining Water: Fleshy Food

  6. Obtaining Water: Metabolic Water O2 CO2 H20 + +

  7. Obtaining Water: Metabolic Water Eastern Phoebe Rock Wren Zebra Finch

  8. EXCRETION &$@%&

  9. Bird Droppings (= Feces + Uric Acid) Fig. 4-105 in Podulka et al. 2004

  10. NITROGENOUS WASTE • Amino Acid • Metabolism 2) Nitrogen Base Metabolism Pyrimidines Purines Urea Uric Acid Uric Acid

  11. PROTEIN

  12. Protein Digestion: Proteases I) Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrysin II)

  13. Amino Acid Use: Biosynthesis 1) Protein Synthesis 3) Nitric Oxide (NO) 3) Melanin

  14. Amino Acid Use: Entry into Metabolic Pathways Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Kreb Cycle

  15. Amino Acid Use: Entry into Metabolic Pathways + 1) H+ Carbon Shell (Enters Respiratory Pathway) NH4+ + Urea (Mammals) 2) NH4+ Uric Acid (Birds)

  16. Nucleotides Mononucleotides Dinucleotides Trinucleotides

  17. Nitrogen Base Metabolism: Nitrogen Bases Urea (Highly Soluble) Uric Acid (Low Solubility)

  18. Nitrogenous Waste UREA (Mammals) URIC ACID (Birds) • Simple Molecule • Less Expensive to • Synthesize • Less Nitrogen per Molecule • Very Water Soluble • Complex Molecule • Expensive to Synthesize • More Nitrogen per Molecule • Low Water Solubility

  19. Excretory System: Kidneys, Ureters • Water Resorbed to Level Just Above Precipitation Level • of Uric Acid

  20. Excretory System: Kidneys,Ureters, Cloaca (Bladder?) Rhea Fig. 4-106 in Podulka et al. 2004

  21. Excretory System: Cloaca • Very Little Water needs to be Resorbed by Cloaca • to Precipitate Uric Acid (Energy Intensive Process)

  22. URINARY SYSTEM: SUMMARY Fig. 107 in Podulka et al. 2004

  23. Avian Water Conservation: An Exception Water Excretion up to 3.5 Times Body Mass

  24. Final Thoughts . . .

  25. Regulating Salt Intake Sooty Shearwater Albatross Storm Petrel

  26. Salt Glands • Infoldings of Lining of Nares, with Packed Secretory Tubules • Arteries of the Tubules Extract Salt • Tubules Drain out a Central Duct and down Grooves of Bill

  27. 1 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/ animals/images/primary/ruby-throat-hummingbird.jpg 2 http://www.solarexpert.com/photography/birds/Heron-fish.jpg 3 http://www.ladybuggiftstore.com/Merchant2/graphics/00000001/Bird-Feeders.jpg 4 http://stock.tobinphoto.com/photos/GCN-15566.jpg 5 http://www.worldstory.net/jivotni/vulture-pictures.jpg 6 http://wdfw.wa.gov/viewing/yakima/graphics/whthead_woodpecker_male.jpg 7 http://sdakotabirds.com/species_photos/photos/yellow_bellied_sapsucker_3.jpg 8 http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/winkler/botw/Banaquit.jpg 9 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cinnamon_Teal. jpg/800px-Cinnamon_Teal.jpg

  28. 10 http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/ Featured_photo/Images/Bigpic/bchu1.jpg 11 http://www.cresli.org/cresli/images/birds/sooty.jpg 12 http://www.flycatcherinn.com/images/LocalFruit2a.jpg 13 http://picasaweb.google.com/vunsookiong/BirdsOfBorneoSandakanTrogons /photo#5165732083598199298 14 http://animal.discovery.com/guides/wild-birds/gallery/american_robin.jpg 15 http://www.schmoker.org/BirdPics/2007/Thrushes/AMRO_worm6.jpg 16 http://www.self-sufficient-life.com/chickenseatingsalad.jpg 17 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/images/Pine_Siskin_on_feeder_ 6Nov01_935ar.jpg 18 http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/35/82/22568235.jpg

  29. 19 http://www.jonbales.com/Florida/Everglades/Anhinga_Fish.jpg 20 http://www.charliesbirdblog.com/~charlie/ediblenest/ swift_07.jpg 21 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bird's_Nest_ soup.jpg/800px-Bird's_Nest_soup.jpg 22 http://www.dnr.sc.gov/news/Yr2006/july17/swift.JPG 23 http://blog.gracecello.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/ chimney-swift.jpg 24 http://biology.ucf.edu/~logiudice/zoo3713/Files/image066.gif 25 http://biology.ucf.edu/~logiudice/zoo3713/Files/image066.gif 26 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/Aug-07-j/JR94052-big-throat.jpg 27 http://www.fermatainc.com/high_plains/cantxslide/images/lesser_ prairie_male.jpg

  30. 28 http://www.birdvet.co.uk/LoveBirdcrop.jpg 29 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mour-dove- nest-balc.jpg/800px-Mour-dove-nest-balc.jpg 30 http://njmg.typepad.com/owl/images/2007/09/10/gf_nest.jpg 31 http://www.thewildones.org/Gifs/flamingo.gif 32 http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/12/11/penguins_narrowweb__ 300x390,0.jpg 33 http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/GastricPepsinActivity_450.gif 34 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/enzyme5.gif 35 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Hydrochloric_acid_ ammonia.jpg 36 http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/pages/demos/105/unit6/ media/mechdigest2.small.gif

  31. 37 http://img.alibaba.com/photo/50473211/Walnuts_and_Walnut_Kernels.jpg 38 http://img.alibaba.com/photo/50080752/Disposable_Carbon_Steel_Surgical_ Blades.jpg 39 http://www.jphpk.gov.my/English/cf0102m.jpg 40 http://www.brooklynparrots.com/uploaded_images/sandlot_1-700855.jpg 41 http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11728886/Lead_Shot_Lead_Pellet.jpg 42 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/March-07/JR61052- dead-duck-fl.jpg 43 http://www.owlpellets.com/uploads/images/lb.jpg 44 http://fireflyforest.net/images/firefly/2005/December/Great-Horned-Owl- tree.jpg 45 http://www.inkanatura.com/images/macawclayhor_large01.jpg

  32. 46 http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/8888.jpg 47 http://www.betacell.org/images/CMS/insulin-maturation_01_w500.jpg 48 http://theenergysecret.com/images%2Fproducts%2FDigestive%20 Enzymes_cap.JPG 49 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/843/45009846.JPG 50 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/58/450px- Glycogen.png 51 http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/cardio_photos/hepatic- artery-bile.jpg 52 http://www.deancoleman.com/img/soap3.jpg 53 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19261.jpg 54 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19261.jpg

  33. 55 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2006/09/060920191637.jpg 56 http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/ Th_Lymphokines.gif 57 http://depth-first.com/demo/20070502/uric_acid.png 58 http://spot.colorado.edu/~humphrey/fact%20sheets/flamingo_caribbean/ images/flamingo_head.gif 59 http://the.earth.li/~alex/halley/img/P8030027.JPG 60 http://pro.corbis.com/images/42-18290891.jpg?size=572&uid=%7 B9EE41277-ECFA-4237-ABB5-86CCF4615745%7D 61 http://www.enviro-explorers.com/kestrel_web_pages/common_starling.jpg 62 http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/5petal/honey/symph/ symphoricarposmollisfrt.jpg 63 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?id=4478&type=img &name=pce-tabs-structure.jpg

  34. 64 http://mdc.mo.gov/conmag/2002/12/images/back.jpg 65 http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/Weber-GrHG-ratel.jpg 66 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/969/90068256.JPG 67 http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/ Physiology/DigestiveSystem/ComponentsDigestive/fatabsorb_2.gif 68 http://www.daviddarling.info/images/insulin_secretion.jpg 69 http://depts.washington.edu/fhl/zoo432/garrisonbay/themesimages/ feedingprotectionimages/image034.jpg

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