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Europeans Claim Muslim Land

Europeans Claim Muslim Land. Ottoman Empire. Steady decline 300 yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation 1830’s – Greek Independent Serbia Balkans. Geopolitics. Def – Taking land for strategic location Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black Sea) Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula.

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Europeans Claim Muslim Land

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  1. Europeans Claim Muslim Land

  2. Ottoman Empire • Steady decline 300 yrs • Weak Sultans • Corruption • Inflation • 1830’s – Greek Independent • Serbia • Balkans

  3. Geopolitics • Def – Taking land for strategic location • Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black Sea) • Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula

  4. Crimean War (1854-1856) • Britain and France joined Ottomans • Russians Lose • Ottomans still weak and losing land • Russians aided Slavic people in Independence

  5. Great Game • War Waged over India • Britain and Russia • Afghanistan – Center of Struggle • 1881 – GB withdrew from Afg. • 1921 – GB not beyond Khybar Pass • Soviets – Nonaggression pact with Afg. • 1979 – Soviets invaded Afg.

  6. Egypt • Muhammad Ali – Broke away from Ottomans • 1831 – Gained control of Syria and Arabia • Reforms in military and economics • Cash crop – Cotton  Instead of food crops

  7. Suez Canal • Isma’il – Construction of • Connect Red Sea and Mediterranean • Built w/ French $ • Opened in 1869 – Still in debt Could not pay • British insist to take over canal • 1882 – British Occupy Egypt

  8. Persia • Russia and GB compete for • Persian ruler started to allow businesses to buy right to operate in certain areas • Ex. Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Rich oil Fields in Persia • Tobacco in Persia • 1890 – Persian ruler sold concession to export tobacco • Tobacco Boycott – Unrest • 1907 – Russia and GB took and divided into Spheres of Influence

  9. British In India

  10. British East India Company • Ruled India • Own Army – British and Sepoys • India – “Jewel in the crown” • Must produce raw materials • Must buy British goods • No Indian competition with British goods • Railroads helped • Goods – Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium

  11. Impact on India (Bad) • British held political and economic power • British restricted Indian-owned industries • Cash crop – Hurt self-sufficiency • Reduce food production  Famine • Racism threatened way of life

  12. Impact on India (Good) • 3rd largest RR India = modern economy • Road network • Telephone lines, dams, bridges, etc. • Sanitation and public health • Schools and colleges

  13. Sepoy Mutiny • 1857 – Indians rebel • Cartridges with beef and pork fat  Hindus (cows sacred), Muslims (don’t eat pork) • Did not accept cartridges Put in jail rebelled marched to Delhi Captured city  Spread • Took Brit E. Ind Co. 1 year to recover

  14. Hindus and Muslims split • Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule • 1858 – British took direct control of India • Raj – British Rule over India from 1757-1947

  15. Nationalism in India • Ram Mohun Roy – Modern thinker, wanted modernization • Must change, or will always be ruled • Didn’t want 2nd class in own country • British were paid more

  16. Nationalist Groups • Indian National Congress – 1885 • Muslim League – 1906 • Called for Self-government • British divided Hindu and Muslim (Partition of Bengal) • Terrorism

  17. Imperialism in SE Asia

  18. Dutch East India Company • Control over Indonesian Islands • Expanded  Made Indonesia home

  19. British Control • Singapore – Malayan Peninsula, Burma Encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia

  20. French • Indochina • Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia • Rice

  21. Germans • Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands

  22. United States • Philippines • Took from Spanish

  23. Siam (Thailand) • Remained Independent – Neutral zone b/w French and British • Modernized itself • Started schools, reform legal system, built railroads, ended slavery

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