Quotes and passages review

1. Quotes and passages review Mark the correct answer on your answer sheet

2. Speaker A: Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation. Speaker B: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature. Speaker C: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens. Speaker D: Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war. 1. Which speaker’s statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment? • A • B • C • D

3. Speaker A: The story of history is the story of class struggles. Revolution is necessary to overthrow the ruling class and eventually create a classless society in which no one will be exploited. Speaker B: The royal power is absolute and the prince need render account of his acts to no one. Where the word of a king is, there is no power. Without this absolute authority, the king could neither do good nor repress evil. Speaker C: Government should leave business alone. It should let the natural law of supply and demand determine what gets produced, how much gets produced, who does the work, the price of goods, rates of pay, and all other economic questions. Speaker D: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is the duty of every government to preserve and protect these natural inalienable rights. 2. Which speaker expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau? • A • B • C • D

4. “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” 3. The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of • Niccolo Machiavelli • Charles Darwin • Charlemagne • John Locke

5. --Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains. --Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property. --Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong. 4. During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed? • PaxRomana • Age of Exploration • Enlightenment • Age of Imperialism

6. “We prefer self-government with danger, to servitude in tranquility.” 5. The author of this statement would most likely support • imperialism • independence movements • colonial expansion • mercantilism

7. “Congress of Vienna Restores Monarchy to France” “Czar Nicholas I Limits Freedom of the Russian Press” “Reform Movements Crushed in Hungary, Italy, and the German States” 6. These headlines could be described as • reactions to the French Revolution • movements to unify all of western Europe • efforts to improve the conditions of factory workers • attempts to promote trade between European nations

8. “Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of the capitalist system.” 7. This quotation reflects the ideas of • Charles Darwin • Karl Marx • Niccolo Machiavelli • John Locke

9. 8. The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that • Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans • Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help • imperialism was opposed by most Europeans • Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples

10. “Yesterday, your ambassador petitioned my ministers regarding your trade with China…our Celestial Empire possesses all things in great abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There is, therefore, no need to import any product manufactured by outside barbarians in exchange for our own goods.” -Emperor Ch’ien Lung of China to King George III of Britain, 1793 9. In the view of the Emperor, which foreign policy action was in the best interest of China in 1793? • maintaining economic isolation • expanding foreign trade • increasing international interdependence • developing into a colonial power

11. Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. --Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden” 10. The phrase “White Man’s burden” in this excerpt refers to the • negative attitude of Europeans toward peoples of the non-Western world • advantages Europeans would gain by colonizing Africa, Asia, and Latin America • positive role of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa and Asia • challenges non-Europeans faced when trading with the Europeans

12. …, you, Africa, suffered like a beast Your ashes strewn to the wind that roams the desert, Your tyrants built the lustrous, magic temples To preserve your soul, preserve your suffering. Barbaric right of fist and the white right to whip, You had the right to die, you could also weep. --Patrice Lumumba, “Dawn in the Heart of Africa” 11. This African poem is discussing the evils of • imperialism • communism • nationalism • regionalism

13. “Compared to other peoples of the world we have the greatest (largest) population and our civilization is four thousand years old…Today we are the poorest and weakest nation in the world and occupy the lowest position in international affairs. Other men are the carving knife and serving dish, we are the fish and the meat. As a consequence…we are being transformed everywhere into a colony of the foreign powers.” 12. Which events formed the basis for the ideas expressed in this early 1900’s passage? • Opium War and Boxer Rebellion • Mau Mau uprising and adoption of apartheid • Sepoy Mutiny and the Salt March • Haitian Revolution and Cortes’ march on Mexico City

14. “The Ashanti and Ijebu... strongly resisted missionary incursion [interference]-for a time at least . . . Both groups grudgingly [reluctantly] accepted missionaries and their schools only after military defeat by imperial forces.” — Edward H. Berman 13. A valid conclusion based on this quotation would be that some Africans • opposed giving up their religious and cultural heritage • returned to the worship of their traditional gods after the defeat of the missionaries • cooperated with the missionaries for economic gain • feared that missionaries would refuse to teach their children

15. “A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group assigns natural, human, and capital resources to the production of those goods and services it wants. The group decides how to produce them and to whom to distribute them” 14. This description best applies to the • manorial economy of feudal Europe • mercantile economy of 18th century Europe • command economy of the Soviet Union • market economy of the United States

16. “…the organizations of the revolutionaries must consist first, foremost, and mainly of people who make revolutionary activity their profession…such an organization must of necessity be not too extensive and as secret as possible…” -V.I. Lenin, 1917 15. This quotation refers to Lenin’s plan to • defeat Germany in World War I • establish democracy in Russia • maintain communist power in Western Europe • overthrow the Russian government

17. “From as early as I can remember, the Emperor was an important presence even in our remote home. He was a descendant of the gods from thousands of years before, never to be looked at or listened to by mere mortals, a presence to be revered and protected and obeyed…Finally…, my family and neighbors gathered around the radio and listened in stunned silence to the voice that had never before been heard, saying he was only human after all. Everyone was crying. I was sad and confused…” 16. Which event caused the Emperor to announce that he was “only human after all”? • his overthrow by communist forces • defeat of the Japanese in World War II • signing of the Versailles Treaty • conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War

18. “From Stetin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I might call the Soviet Sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence, but to very high, and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow." -Winston Churchill 17. What is the main idea of this quotation? • The Soviet Union has expanded its influence throughout Eastern Europe • The Soviet Union has helped the nations of Eastern Europe improve their standard of living • The democratic nations of Western Europe have stopped the expansion of Soviet influence in the world • The Soviet Union will support communist revolutions in Southeast Asia

19. “Warsaw Pact Tanks Invade Budapest" "Wall Divides Berlin” “Liberal Czechoslovak Government Replaced” 18. These historical newspaper headlines were related to • Mikhail Gorbachev’s introduction of the policy of Glasnost • Adolf Hitler’s efforts to promote national socialism • the Soviet Union’s acceptance of capitalism • attempts by the Soviet Union to strengthen communist control

20. “We believe in nonaggression and noninterference by one country in the affairs of another and the growth of tolerance between them and the capacity for peaceful coexistence. We, therefore, endeavor to maintain friendly relations with all countries, even though we may disagree with them in their policies.” -Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India 19. This statement describes the foreign policy known as • imperialism • mercantilism • isolationism • nonalignment

21. -Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) • -Premier Khrushchev’s visit to the United States (1959) • -Cuban missile crisis (1962) • -Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) • -Joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission (1975) • -Russian invasion of Afghanistan (1979) 20. What does this list of events suggest about the Cold War Era? • throughout the period, the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to solve conflicts • the level of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union varied • economics played a key role in causing conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union • the United Nations was instrumental in reducing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

22. · Blockade of Berlin · Operation of the Berlin Airlift · Organization of the Warsaw Pact · Construction of the Berlin Wall 21. These events of the Cold War are examples of • efforts to prevent military conflict between the superpowers • situations that increased tensions between communist and democratic nations in Europe • attempts to weaken the Soviet Union’s control of its Eastern European allies • policies of peaceful coexistence and détente

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