New England Colonies

1. New England Colonies Maine New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

2. Extreme English protestants who wanted to separate from the Church of England • Pilgrims • A separatist group that left England in the early 1600’s to escape persecution. • Moved to the Netherlands 1608 then left Europe in 1620 • Formed a joint stock company with some merchants • Sailed on the Mayflower with more than 100 men, women, and children heading for Virginia • Landed far north of VA decided to establish their own laws and social rules to govern the colony because charter would not apply

3. Mayflower Compact • Legal contract agreeing to have fair laws to protect the general good • Signed by 41 of the male passengers on November 21, 1620 • Represents one of the first attempts at self government in the English colonies Signing the Mayflower Compact John Carver William Bradford Edward Winslow William Brewster Isaac Allerton Miles Standish John Alden Samuel Fuller Christopher Martin William Mullins William White James Chilton John Craxton John Billington Richard Warren John Howland Steven Hopkins Edward Tilly John Tilly Francis Cook Thomas Rogers Thomas Tinker John Rigdale Edward Fuller John Turner Francis Eaton Moses Fletcher Digery Priest Thomas Williams Gilbert Winslow Edmond Margeson Peter Brown Richard Bitteridge Richard Clark Richard Gardiner John Allerton Thomas English Edward Doten Edward Liester John Goodman George Soule

4. Squanto – a Patuxet Indian • Spoke English, had lived in Europe • Taught the Pilgrims to fertilize soil • Helped the Pilgrims get along with Wampanoag Indians • Led to the First Thanksgiving • This marked the survival of the Pilgrims in the new colony.

5. A Separatist is someone who… Is separating from their husband/wife Thinks separately from others Wants to separate from the church of England Sits by themselves at lunch

6. Where were the Pilgrims headed for originally? Africa New Guinea Virginia South Carolina

7. What was the Mayflower Compact? Makeup on the Mayflower A Deal with the King Contract agreeing to have fair laws

8. Squanto spoke English because He was adopted by an Englishman He lived in England He was English

9. Puritans • a protestant group • wanted to purify, or reform the Anglican Church • Thought that bishops and priests had too much power Cotton Mather, influential New England Puritan minister Why did the Puritan’s leave England? 1620’s England’s economy suffered People lost their jobs King Charles I raised taxes (led to political crisis) Church of England began to punish Puritans King refused to allow Puritans to criticize the church

10. Great Migration • 1629-1640 thousands of English men, women and children left England • More than 40,000 moved to English colonies in New England and the Caribbean • 1629 King Charles granted a group of Puritans and merchants a charter to settle in New England • They formed the Massachusetts Bay Company • 1630 John Winthrop led a group of Puritans to Massachusetts seeking religious freedom The Puritans faced little resistance from Indians Traded with the Plymouth colony Boston region had a fairly healthy climate End result: By 1691 the Massachusetts Bay Colony had expanded to include the Pilgrims’ Colony. John Winthrop – leader of the Puritans

11. Puritans believed that the priests and bishops had… Bad taste in clothing The easy life Too much power

12. By 1691 The Massachusetts Bay colony had grown to include The Quakers The Pilgrims The British The French

13. Religion & Government • Created a General Court to help run the Massachusetts colony • Each town sent 2-3 delegates to the Court • John Winthrop served as the colony’s first governor • 1644 – the General Court became a two-house or bicameral legislature • Government leaders were also church members • Male church members were the only colonists that could vote

14. The Puritan’s first governor was John Winthrop General Court Cotton Mather Never was a governor

15. Connecticut • 1636 Minister Thomas Hooker and his followers left Mass. To help form Connecticut • 1639 Hooker (founder of American democracy) wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – made CT government more democratic Hooker's Company reach Connecticut

16. Rhode Island • Minister Roger Williams did not agree with the leaders of MA • The leaders of MA made him leave… • Williams took his supporters to southern New England • They formed a new settlement called Providence… later to become Rhode Island • Williams supported the separation of the church from the state • He also believed in religious tolerancefor all members of the community

17. He is known as the founder of democracy John Winthrop Ben Franklin Thomas Hooker George Washington

18. Salem Witch Trials January 20, 1692– 9 year old Elizabeth Parris and 11 year-old Abigail Williams began to exhibit strange behavior, such as blasphemous screaming, convulsive seizures, trance-like states and mysterious spells. Within a short time, several other Salem girls began to demonstrate similar behavior. Late February-- Pressured to identify the source of their affliction, the girls named three women,Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne.After this, several other townspeople began to come forward saying they were "bewitched."

19. June 10-- Bridget Bishop is the first to be hanged, and is the first official execution of the Salem Witch Trials. Her comments according to court transcript were: "I am no witch, I am innocent. I know nothing of it."July 19-- Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, Sarah Good, and Sarah Wildeswere executed.August 19-- George Jacobs, Sr., Martha Carrier, George Burroughs, John Proctor, and John Willardwere hanged on Gallows Hill.October 8-- After 20 people had been executed in the Salem witch hunt, the trials were ordered stopped and the magistrates went into hiding.

20. Salem Vocabulary scapegoat Definition: A person, group, or thing that bears the blame for the mistakes or crimes of others or for some misfortune due to another agency. Context: When the minister could not understand the actions of the young women of Salem, he found a scapegoat. stereotype Definition: An unvarying form or pattern; fixed or conventional expression, notion, character, or mental pattern; having no individuality as though cast from a mold. Context: Modern day Salem uses the stereotype of a witch riding a broomstick as its emblem. tolerance Definition: Freedom from bigotry or prejudice. Context: The settlers were looking for religious tolerance. Ironically, they were intolerant of others, and their intolerance led to a Puritan witch-hunt. Quagmire Definition: a difficult, precarious, or entrapping position Context: The settlers were bogged down in a quagmire of uncertainty and public questioning.