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SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES What is a subordinate clause? It is a clause which describes the action of the main section of the sentence. E.G. I went to the store so that I could get bread. Subordinate Clause?. I went to the store so that I could get bread.

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SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

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  1. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES What is a subordinate clause? It is a clause which describes the action of the main section of the sentence. E.G. I went to the store so that I could get bread. Subordinate Clause? I went to the store so that I could get bread. All of the following clauses take verbs in the SUBJUNCTIVE.

  2. Cum Clauses • CUM Circumstantial Clauses • Describe the circumstances occurring during the action of the main clause • E.g. When I was sailing to Greece, there was a great storm. • Circumstantial Clause? When I was sailing to Greece, there was a great storm. Cum Romam iter faceremus, raeda nostra in fossa haesit. Circumstantial Clause? Cum Romam iter faceremus, raeda nostra in fossa haesit.

  3. Cum Clauses, cont’d. • CUM Causal Clauses • Describe the reason that the action of the main clause occurs • E.g. Because I was afraid, I hid. • Causal Clause? Because I was afraid, I hid. Cum lupus me morderet, ego territa eram. Circumstantial Clause? Cum lupus me morderet, ego territa eram.

  4. Indirect Question Questions are considered indirect when they are reported. E.G. Direct Question: What is he doing? Indirect Question: They ask what he is doing. Direct Question: Why are they leaving? Indirect Question: I want to know . . . I want to know WHY they are leaving. Scivit quid dicerent Indirect Question? Scivit QUID dicerent

  5. Result Clauses Describe the result of the action of the main clause. Result clauses are introduced by the word UT and always have a signpost word before the ut. Examples of these words are: tam, adeo, tantus, sic, ita, and talis. These words mean: so, so great, such a, or in such a way. The negative is “ut non”. She was so tired that she wanted to sleep. Result Clause? She was so tired that she wanted to sleep. Tam fortis erat iuvenis ut in bello necatus sit. Result Clause? Tam fortis erat iuvenis ut in bello non necatus sit.

  6. Purpose Clauses Describe the purpose of the action of the main clause. Purpose clauses are introduced by the word UT and do not have a signpost word before the ut. The ut in a purpose clause means “so that” or “to”. The negative is “ne”. She sends a friend to persuade them. Purpose Clause? She sends a friend to persuade them/so that she could persuade them. Epistulam mittebat ut auxilium ei ferret. Purpose Clause? Epistulam mittebat ut auxilium ei ferret.

  7. Indirect Statement The indirect statement DOES NOT USE THE SUBJUNCTIVE. It uses the “accusative and infinitive” construction. When the speech or thought of any person is reported, indirect statement follows. E.G. Direct Statement: I like pie. Indirect Statement: I know that she likes pie. Direct Statement: This is good. Indirect Statement: I hope . . . I hope that this is good. Scimus Corneliam puellam esse. Indirect Question? Scimus Corneliam puellam esse.

  8. Cornelius omnes clientes invitavit ut apud se cenarent. *Purpose *Ut –NO SIGNPOST WORD

  9. Te oro ut domum venias. *Purpose *Ut –NO SIGNPOST WORD

  10. Ianitor tam defessus erat ut dormire cuperet. *Result *Ut –SIGNPOST WORD-- TAM

  11. Cornelius omnes clientes invitavit ut apud se cenarent. *Purpose *Ut –NO SIGNPOST WORD

  12. Cum reges expulsi essent, duo consules creati sunt. *Circumstantial *Cum means “when”

  13. Omnes audiverunt pueros a lupo inventos esse. *Indirect Statement *Accusative and Infinitive

  14. Valerius Cornelio persuasit ut Corneliam sibi sponderet. *Purpose Clause *Ut—No signpost word

  15. Multi viri cum ad domum Cornelii venissent manebant ut intrare liceret. *Cum Circumstantial Clause *Cum means “when” *Purpose Clause *Ut—No signpost word

  16. Deinde adeo laboravi ut totam diem dormirem. *Result Clause *Ut—Signpost word--Adeo

  17. Nonnulli, quos non prius vidi, me orant ne se dimittam. *Purpose Clause *Ne—Purpose Clause negative

  18. Perseus statim intellexit quomodo monstrum vinceret. *Indirect Question *Quomodo (how) in sentence

  19. Fur e spelunca effugit ut Romam iret. *Purpose Clause *Ut– No Signpost Word

  20. Gens senserat matrimonium pulchrum fuisse. *Indirect Statement *Accusative and infinitive following a thinking/feeling/knowing verb

  21. Iuvenis tam submissus erat ut nemo eum audire posset. *Result Clause *Ut – with signpost word “tam”

  22. Cum pater Corneliam neglexisset, Cornelia in cubiculo tristis sedebat. *Cum Causal *Cum translates best as “since”

  23. Adeo serenus est sol ut puellae laetitiā rident. *Result Clause *Ut – signpost word “adeo”

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