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Greek Gods

Greek Gods. Lecturer : Wu Shiyu. 课程参考书籍 赫西俄德 《 工作与时日 》 、 《 神谱 》 荷马史诗: 《 伊利亚特 》 和 《 奥德赛 》 三大悲剧作家 奥维德: 《 变形记 》 Greek mythology Apollodorus ,周作人翻译: 《 希腊神话 》. 《 神谱 》 的由来. “伟大宙斯的能言善辩的女儿们,从一颗粗壮的橄榄树上摘给我一根奇妙的树枝,并把一种神圣的声音吹进我的心扉,让我歌唱将来和过去的事情。” 赫西俄德: 《 神谱 》 Hesiod: Theogony.

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Greek Gods

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  1. Greek Gods Lecturer:Wu Shiyu

  2. 课程参考书籍 赫西俄德《工作与时日》、《 神谱》 荷马史诗:《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》 三大悲剧作家 奥维德:《变形记》 Greek mythology Apollodorus,周作人翻译:《希腊神话》

  3. 《神谱》的由来 “伟大宙斯的能言善辩的女儿们,从一颗粗壮的橄榄树上摘给我一根奇妙的树枝,并把一种神圣的声音吹进我的心扉,让我歌唱将来和过去的事情。” 赫西俄德:《神谱》 Hesiod: Theogony

  4. First Generation of God • Chaos: First was Chaos • Gaia: After her came Gaia • Tartaros: the underworld • Eros: Sexual desire (birth) Gods then came into existence through birth

  5. 天地的原初 古希腊:天地起于chaos 圣经:起初神创造天地。地是空虚混沌。渊面黑暗。 中国:天地浑沌如鸡子,盘古生其中

  6. 大地盖亚 古希腊的盖亚是大地之神,也是众神之母,宙斯等诸神都来自她。 中国的女娲是众人之神。

  7. 卡俄斯后诞生了盖亚(Gaia),大地母亲之神,以及爱神厄罗斯(Eros)(love),地狱塔尔塔罗斯(Tartarus),厄瑞玻斯(Erebus:darkness),夜神纽克斯(night)。卡俄斯后诞生了盖亚(Gaia),大地母亲之神,以及爱神厄罗斯(Eros)(love),地狱塔尔塔罗斯(Tartarus),厄瑞玻斯(Erebus:darkness),夜神纽克斯(night)。

  8. 十二个提坦神 女提坦神 Mnemosyne(谟涅摩绪涅):记忆女神 Tethys(忒修斯) Theia(忒亚) Phoebe(福柏):月亮神 Rhea(瑞亚) Themis(忒弥斯):公正之神 男提坦神: Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯):大海 Hyperion(许佩里翁):太阳、光明 Coeus(科俄斯) Cronus(克诺洛斯):主神 Crius(克利俄斯) Iapetus(伊阿佩忒斯)

  9. 三个巨眼神Cyclops(库克洛佩斯) 布戎忒斯 (brontes) 斯忒罗佩斯steropes 阿耳戈斯Arges "thunderer“ "lightning" "bright"

  10. 百臂神Hekatonkheires

  11. The Second Generation of Gods • Ouranos not allow born • pushes back; • Gaia, anger and pain, conspire, overthrow • Cronos, sickle, genitals from inside • The sea, foam • Aphrodite, the Furies • Ouranos, the dome of the sky. • Physical room and Time (Cronos)

  12. 生殖器里产生的神 厄里倪厄斯(Erinyes):复仇三女神 阿勒克图(不安)(Alecto) 墨纪拉(妒嫉)(Megaera) 底西福涅(报仇)(Tisiphone) 癸干忒斯Gigantes:巨人

  13. 生殖器里产生的神(2) 阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite):生殖器在大海的浪花里,诞生了一位少女,被称为美神,罗马语为venus。

  14. The Third Generation • Cronos Rheia: six children • Hestia, Demeter and Hera; • Hades, Poseidon and Zeus • Cronus swallows • Zeus saved • Grew up in Crete • Set free

  15. Spat in reverse order • The Olympians. • A war ensued • With the Titans (10 years) • The struggle for power • The order of the universe fixed forever.

  16. Three-generation struggle for power • Increased anthropomorphism, civilization • Apparent anxiety throughout Greek culture about the power of women • Psychological anxieties of males about coming to maturity

  17. The “Triple Division” • Hades: lord of Tartaros, king of the dead • Poseidon: ruler of the seas and waters (earthquake) • Zeus: ruler of the sky (most powerful) • Hera: goddess of marriage and married women • Hestia: goddess of the hearth • Demeter: goddess of grain and agriculture

  18. Zeus: abstract concepts • Oversees justice • Oaths (punish oath-breaker) • Xenia, guest-host relationships (hospitality)

  19. Zeus’s Mating With different goddesses • Metis (only time, fate): Athena • Hera: Ares • Demeter: Persephone • … Mortal women • Alcmene: Heracles • Leda: Helen • …

  20. 宙斯的兴起 宙斯被假装成石头保护起来 三个独眼神给宙斯闪电和霹雳 用催吐剂使父亲吐出兄弟。 解放了三个百臂巨人 获得了与提坦族战争的胜利。

  21. 宙斯的第一任妻子:墨提斯 最聪明的神 十二提坦的女儿 雅典娜的母亲 据预言,墨提斯要生一位众神和人类之王,因此 被宙斯吞进腹中,从此宙斯 有了她的智慧。

  22. 宙斯的第二任妻子:忒弥斯(正义女神Themis) 蒙眼 天秤 利剑 白袍 蛇 狗 书 Nemesis Justitia

  23. 宙斯与忒弥斯的后代

  24. 命运三女神(Moirae) 克洛索纺线 拉赫西斯分配给每个人长短 阿特洛泊斯剪线

  25. 宙斯最后的妻子:赫拉(Juno) 赫拉是宙斯的姐姐 嫉妒 妇女之神、丰产之神

  26. 赫拉与宙斯的后代

  27. 宙斯与欧律诺墨(Eurynome)的女儿 美惠三女神(Charites graces) 光辉女神阿格莱亚(Aglaia) 激励女神塔利亚(Thalia), 欢乐女神欧佛洛绪涅(Euphrosyne)

  28. 宙斯和德墨特尔的后代 德墨特尔(Demeter Ceres)是农神 她和宙斯一起生下帕耳塞福涅(Persephone) 地狱之神哈得斯(Hades)强抢帕耳塞福涅为妻

  29. Persephone的故事 提丰和奥利匹亚诸神作战,被压在西西里。 地狱神巡视 爱神为失去统治而苦恼 要儿子为他扩大统治 爱神射向Hades 地狱神爱上Persephone,抢走。 Demeter到处寻找

  30. 老妇、蜥蜴 西西里,河神 宙斯答应,不沾地狱任何食物 石榴、告密、猫头鹰 半年地上,半年地下

  31. 宙斯和谟涅摩绪涅的女儿 缪斯九女神 Calliope (Epic Poetry)史诗 Clio (History)历史 Erato (Love Poetry)爱情诗 Euterpe (Music)音乐 Melpomene (Tragedy)戏剧 Polyhymnia (Hymns)合唱 Terpsichore (Dance)舞蹈 Thalia (Comedy)戏剧 Urania (Astronomy)天文

  32. 宙斯和勒托的孩子 阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis Diana):Acteon的故事,鹿,猎狗,Niobes的故事) Appollo(阿波罗)

  33. 宙斯与迈亚的儿子 Hermes(赫尔墨斯 Mercury):信使、商人保护者、地狱使者、骗子的保护神。 Apollo ,牛 双蛇杖 飞鞋 节杖:死亡

  34. 塞墨勒与宙斯的儿子 狄俄尼索斯(Dionysus Bacchus),葡萄酒之神。 母亲 宙斯、膝盖 酒神崇拜

  35. 奥林匹亚山的十二主神 Zeus(Jupiter) Hera(Juno) Poseidon(Neptune) Demeter(Ceres) Apollo Athene (Minerva) Artemis(Diana) Hestia(Vesta) Ares(Mars) Hephaestus(Vulcan) Hermes(Mercury) Dionysus(Bacchus)

  36. Features of the gods • Have actual bodies (larger and more beautiful); • eat ambrosia and drink nectar; • Move vast distance; disguise • Defining difference: dividing line, gods are immortal; humans must die • The most powerful oath, by the River Styx

  37. Immortals and Mortals: The Story of Pandora

  38. Hesiod doesn’t tell us where the men came from; • Men and gods met at Mekone • The way men offer sacrifice to the gods • Prometheus tricked Zeus • Done the first time, done forever • Punish men by hiding fire • Prometheus stole fire away

  39. Prometheus punished • (permanent) • Zeus punished men by giving them woman. • Gods and goddess gave her something • irresistibly beautiful • Epimetheus, a jar, all the evils • Evils flies out, but hope remains.

  40. Pandora的魔盒 宙斯的惩罚并未停止 Zeus命令Hephaestus造个女人 一个宝盒,神命令不能打开 Epimetheus娶Pandora为妻 好奇杀死猫 魔盒打开,死亡、忧伤、疯狂等跑向人间 关上时,只有hope还在盒子里

  41. Punishment by Zeus Punish human for Prometheus’s mistake Denying fire Giving Woman (“beautiful evil”) irresistibly beautiful Pandora and Eve

  42. What a Trouble Women are They are worthless They are a burden. You can’t have any children. There is no way to escape the will of Zeus

  43. Discussion Think about what Hope is doing in the jar. Why is Hope in the jar? How to interpret Pandora’s box? Judeo-Christian tradition, three cardinal virtues: faith, hope, and charity.

  44. The jar representing Pandora’s womb • Pandora and all women are responsible for evil in that they are responsible for life itself. They give birth. • Birth also provides the only hope, by providing a new generation.

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