New Technologies and the War on Terrorism

1. New Technologies and the War on Terrorism Dr. Dale Klein Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs) (ATSD(NCB)) May 6, 2002

2. September 11, 2001

3. September 11, 2001

4. “We will confront weapons of mass destruction so that a new century is spared new horrors”

5. Quadrennial Defense Review “The attack on the United States and the war that has been visited upon us highlights a fundamental condition of our circumstances: we cannot and will not know precisely where and when America’s interests will be threatened, when America will come under attack, or when Americans might die as the result of aggression. We can be clear about trends, but uncertain about events. We can identify threats, but cannot know when or where America or its friends will be attacked.” Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

6. Department of Defense • Change in Department of Defense focus following September 11th • Search for new technologies to fight terrorism • October 2001-Pentagon issues Broad Agency Announcement on combating terrorism,soliciting ideas for... • Monitoring devices and systems • Detection of Weapons of Mass Destruction • Military Operations • Surge--develop and deploy in 12-18 months Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

7. Multi-Tiered Approach THREAT Consequence Management Restoration Operations End of Hostilities Stopped by Passive Defense Stopped by Active Defense Stopped by Counterforce Stopped by Deterrence Stopped by Proliferation Prevention Proliferation ActiveDefense PassiveDefense PostHostility Prevention Counterforce Deterrence C4ISR / SOF / STO / IO Counter Paramilitary / Terrorist Threats Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

8. Counter-terrorism Offensive measures to • Detect • Prevent • Deter • Defeat terrorist activities Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

9. Detect Gamma Imaging System • Non-Intrusive System to Image Inside Shipping Containers (Ships, Trucks) • Capability to Examine Large Vehicles for Explosive Devices Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

10. Detect “The Army, Navy and Air Force each employed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle systems in theater to conduct important reconnaissance operations, reducing the need to send manned aircraft into hostile airspace.” (Secretary of Defense, October 14, 1999.) Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

11. Prevent Nuclear Arms Control • Monitoring activities and inspections • Dismantling stockpiled weapons Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

12. Prevent Chemical Weapons Arms Control • Monitoring activities and inspections • Dismantling stockpiled weapons Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

13. Deter Assuring operations in a hostile environment User Equipment Space Control NAVSTAR Global Positioning System Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

14. Deter Assuring operations in a hostile environment Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology focus • Provide advanced capabilities to the warfighter to fight and win in a chem/bio contaminated environment • Minimize degradation of warfighters’ abilities Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

15. Deter Assuring operations in a hostile environment: improving diagnostic capabilities Extract RNA and reverse transcribe Cells Labeled Antisense cDNA Sense cDNA Sample Hybridization Patterned Microarray Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

16. Deter Assuring operations in a hostile environment: improving diagnostic capabilities • Rapid assays are available now for a number of infectious diseases • Pros: easy to use; little preparation needed; simple output Future: Highly multiplexed protein µarrays will screen samples against multiple diseases Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

17. Deter Assuring the nuclear deterrent Stockpile Stewardship tools Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) Dual-Axis Radiography for Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) National Ignition Facility (NIF) Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

18. Defeat Thermobaric Weapons • Provide Enhanced Effects in Closed Structures: Sustained Pressure and Increased Heat • 10 weapons currently in the field Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

19. Defeat Conversion of Conventional Air-launched Cruise Missiles • Hard Target Smart Fuse for Precision Control of Detonation Point Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

20. Ensuring the Nuclear Deterrent Non-nuclear and nuclear strike capabilities Nuclear Posture Review • The New Triad • Reductions with a responsive capability ICBMs Bombers SLBMs C2, Intelligence and Planning Defenses Responsive Infrastructure Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

21. Retaining Nuclear Expertise • Departments of Defense and Energy need to address • Recruiting • Training • Education • Retention • Both government and contractor base are impacted by shortages • Should establish partnerships with universities and industry Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

22. Summary Department of Defense counter-terrorism activities focus on measures to detect, prevent, deter and defeat terrorists. New technologies will strengthen US capabilities in the war on terrorism. Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

23. Gen Schwartzkopf on forgiveness and terrorists… “I believe that forgiving them is God's function. Our job is simply to arrange the meeting.” Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

24. BACK UP SLIDES Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

25. Unconventional Nuclear Device • 2002 Department of Defense Appropriations Act • $75,000,000 available to develop and demonstrate systems to protect against unconventional nuclear threats • Defense Threat Reduction Agency responsible for system development and demonstration Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

26. Defense Science Board Task Force • Defense Science Board 2000 Task Force on Unconventional Nuclear Threat: • Substantial existing base of capabilities • Most credible threat is an attack executed or supported by another country • Recommendations • Deploy sensor networks to protect U.S. forces • Engage the National Labs in intelligence • Enhance nuclear forensics • Better secure nuclear materials in Russia Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

27. Nuclear Weapon Response The Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs: • Establishes policy and procedures and exercises staff coordination for DoD radiological response and assistance • Conducts oversight of the Department of Defense’s response capabilities and the the Department of Defense’s national-level exercise program • Serves as technical advisor to the Secretary of Defense and Principal Staff Assistants on radiological accidents Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

28. Nuclear Weapon Response • AccidentResponse • Advise Secretary of Defense and principals on: • Composition, characteristics and safety features of weapons • What to worry about or take comfort in • Interdepartmental responsibilities • Who is supposed to do what • Federal Radiological Emergency response system • How the system works • Technical capabilities of various Federal response elements • What they bring to the arena Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

29. Personal Background • Vice-Chancellor for Special Engineering Programs, University of Texas system • Professional Engineer, Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering • Chairman and Executive Director of the Amarillo National Research Center • Confirmed as ATSD(NCB) November 15, 2001 Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

30. ATSD(NCB) Overview Principal staff advisor to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense for: • Formulation of policy and plans for nuclear, chemical and biological weapons • Matters associated with nuclear weapons safety and security, chemical and biological defense programs • Focal point for research, development, and acquisition related to counterproliferation Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

31. September 11, 2001

32. September 11, 2001

33. September 11, 2001 Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

34. Pentagon Rebuilding Effort: Project Phoenix September 23, 2001 September 14, 2001 Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

35. Pentagon Rebuilding Effort: Project Phoenix December 6, 2001 Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

36. Pentagon Rebuilding Effort: Project Phoenix March 7, 2002 Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs

37. Pentagon Rebuilding Effort: Project Phoenix Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs