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9/11 and the War on Terrorism. U.S. History. What Happened on 9/11?. On Sept. 11 th , 2001, the U.S. was attacked by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda , which was a fundamentalist Islamist group led by Osama bin Laden.
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9/11 and the War on Terrorism U.S. History
What Happened on 9/11? • On Sept. 11th, 2001, the U.S. was attacked by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda, which was a fundamentalist Islamist group led by Osama bin Laden. • Four airplanes were hijacked by 19 terrorists, and flown into various targets, including the World Trade Center in NYC and Pentagon in Washington D.C. • The attack caught most Americans off guard and is remembered as one of the most terrifying moments in American history.
The Background • During the Cold War, the United States supported Islamic freedom fighters (bin Laden) in their efforts to fight the Soviet Union ($ and weapons) • “Politics makes strange bedfellows” • “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” • Following the 1st Gulf War (U.S. vs. Iraq, 1991), OBL demanded that American troops leave Saudi Arabia, the holy land of Islam, and OBL’s homeland. • According to the Prophet Mohammed, “infidels” were not allowed to remain in the holy land permanently. • Additionally, he was angered by the U.S. support for Israel and perceived oppression of Palestinian Muslims.
American Response to 9/11 • On Oct. 7th, 2001, the U.S. declared war on the Taliban government in Afghanistan. • They had allowed bin Laden and Al-Qaeda to train and plan in Afghanistan. • The Patriot Act • Allows govt. to gather intelligence via e-mail/phone. • Civil rights advocates say that the PA violates freedoms of American citizen. • Increased security, specifically at airports. • The American economy also suffered and a long-term recession began.
American Response to 9/11 • In March of 2003, the U.S. also declared war on Iraq, a country led by Saddam Hussein. • Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction (WMD’s) and he was a threat to freedom in the region. • Chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. • Bush and VP Cheney implied that there was a connection between Saddam Hussein and the 9/11 attacks. • Hussein was also portrayed as anti-human rights, anti-democracy, and a killer of his own people. • America had to go in to defend freedom and democracy.
Major Outcomes of 9/11 • Approx. 3,000 Americans killed on 9/11. • The U.S. is still involved in a war in Afghanistan….10 years and running. • The U.S. was involved in a war in Iraq between 2003 and 2010, loosely connected to 9/11. • Under the command of Barack Obama, Osama bin Laden was killed in Pakistan on 5/2/2011. • The U.S. is still involved in a global struggle against terrorism.