BRIEF RESEÑA HISTORICA OF THE ZANDUNGA, "HYMN TEHUANO"

1. BRIEF RESEÑA HISTORICA OF THE ZANDUNGA, "HYMN TEHUANO" The Zandunga arose of the darkness of a convent, were the Dominican friars exported of Spain, the first messenger that cultivated the European music in Tehuantepec. Of these same the first string instruments arrived and of wind: the horn, the figle, the harp and the wooden flute, species of bassoon, but late violins they were imported, basses of cord and cornets, which originate that the first Orchestra was organized in Tehuantepec at the end of the 18th century and they began to arrive the first inspiration dance pieces and Spanish or Spanish-Arabian flavour.

2. Subsequently the Dominicans were substituted by new servants of the church, were youths possessed of the desire to be enriched, but they came affected "of evil of spring". The elation of these could not be more notorious al to see the pretty tehuanas in their undulating dances and excitativos the one that caused they exclaimed them not to have seen never so zandungueras, phrases that record in their Spanish vocabulary the musician Andrés Gutierrez of the neighborhood of Sta. Maria; (sound them tehuanos they are composed for two parts: species of chorus and stanza or tapdanced). Andrés SAHA (the musician) was the best friend of the young priests of who received valuable instructionsAnd that one day said to them " I have composed a sound dedicated to the girls zandungueras ", and they baptized it with ZANDUNGA's name, this one was inspired in the nostalgic pain that the musical Spanish woman - Arab exhales.

3. ANNIVERSARIES OF THE ISTHMUS To prepare a wedding istmeña is the whole process, first the family of the boyfriend goes to the house of the girlfriend with his(her,your) family to ask for his(her,your) hand and to fix the date of the wedding, for this the girlfriend waits for it together with his(her,your) family; always and when the girl is virgin and not stolen (when the young woman goes away with his(her,your) boyfriend without marrying). The date of the wedding the boyfriend It (He, She) sends the girlfriend " the light ", (included hens, occupation, chunks of fuelwoods, or in any case you golden coin, in representation of the girlfriend, and the family of the girlfriend answers him (her) with " the trunk ", (included the trastes, clothes of the girlfriend. The boyfriends look for godfathers of wedding who take charge of the cost of the mass, of the band of music and of the wedding dress This one covered with a veil in the face to represent his (her, your) virginity.

4. The wedding for the civil thing can realize days before that the wedding for the church, during the dance the first toast they do the presentation of the boyfriends they dance a waltz alone, later with his(her,your) family, to continue with the dance of the mediu xshiga; " the sound of cooperation ", which consists of sitting to the boyfriends in the center of the track one to side of other one, (The godfather with the girlfriend(fiancée), the godmother with the boyfriend), they covering the forehead with a bill already be fifty, hundred weight it (he, she) depends on the godfathers, and the persons dancing about them they placing money in his(her,your) jicapesles, once finished with this ritual, it (he, she) continues dances of the cantarito, which consists of failing cantaritos of mud at the head of The boyfriends, since (as,like) representative of the defloration of the girlfriend(fiancée), later carry out the games of the girlfriend(fiancée), and the game of the bottle of the boyfriend; that consists of fanning the boyfriend towards the roof, at the same time of giving him of taking liquor.

5. Once finished the holiday (party) the boyfriends go away to his(her,your) quarter (room) to having his(her,your) night of wedding in his(her,your) quarter (room) arranged for this occasion with white sheets, to demonstrate to another day that the young virgin age by means of the spots of blood in the sheets, if it turns out to be this act the family of the boyfriend makes light pyrotechnic games and music, Which indicates the holiday (party) to the neighbors that the young woman if it (he, she) was virgin, but but it (he, she) is like that finishes even there, there is neither rockets nor anything. Nowadays in any populations already they do not get used to do all this act, to demonstrate that the young woman is virgin, since it can only in responsibility of the pair (couple) to demonstrate or it to have private room in the intimacy it; though in San Blass Atempa this ideology is very deep-rooted and they follow (continue) these customs.

6. APPAREL OF THE WOMAN TEHUANA • The suit tehuanao embroidered to hand that is very an acquaintance and representatively of Tehuantepec Isthmus worldwide at present, had previously a process of development, and began this way: to begin it was saturated of flowers throughout the time combining designs, types and sizes of the flowers, as well as the style of leaves (sheets) dividing of the years of 1929. It was begun by the embroidery of way; in which (whom) there was recaptured the contrast of the color of the fabrics and his(her,your) combination of playing with the geometric figures of the seams of machine

7. As they advance the years and the radiance of the candles was growing the womans tehuanas they met motivated and they realized day with day other designs, using in cause only three or four colors to tint the flower, creating this way a distinctive and personal touch to his(her,your) suit always in the search of the flirtation and the elegance; and that at present knows itself EMBROIDERY

8. In the wardrobe of the woman tehuana the important thing is reflected of each one of the moments, and is prepared even for the day of his(her,your) wedding as (like) for a funeral, or to wait for the death itself. For the girlfriend's suits it (he, she) was usual to use smooth fabrics or brocadas so much in the white colors with silver details or gold, in to pass of the time also we find the design of the fabric or embroidery in fabric of white color, but it is necessary to highlight that the flowers were of tones pastry, trying to guard the purity. It is necessary to need (specify) that in any of the designs before mentioned the existing fabrics should use in every epoch since (as, like) it was the charmese, the caramel, velvet, muslin, silk, etc.

9. To speak of death, is to keep a great respect to him. As it comments it Mario Mecott zapoteco is called LARI-BEÑE to him: Lari-clothes, rag; beñe-dark, black; for that reason the mourning clothes are made in black color with adornments of this same color, for this type of clothes are not used jewels, but accounts of color black, same that are known like jets ensartadas in a thread, ending with a cross of this same material.

10. End • Made by White Raquel Ruiz • rachelb_25@hotmail.com.mx • For any suggestion.