Implementing the Global Information Grid (GIG) A Foundation For 2010 Net Centric Warfare (NCW)

1. Implementing the Global Information Grid (GIG)A Foundation For 2010Net Centric Warfare (NCW) Frank Criste Director, Communications Programs OASD(NII) - DASD(C3, Space & IT Programs) 703-607-0270 18 May 2004

2. Global Information Grid (GIG) NAVIGATION GEO-POSITIONING • Robust • Distributed • Inexpensive SURVEILLANCE • Continuous • Global • High Resolution Imagery • Day/Night/All Weather • INTEGRATED • INFORMATION • INFRASTRUCTURE LOGISTICS SUPPORT • Just Enough • Just In Time • Fully Visible • Information Services and transport • Service Agents • Intelligent, integrated communication intranetwork • Adaptive, dynamic resource management • Secure WEAPONS • Remote/Local • Accurate • Responsive • Inexpensive INFORMATION OPERATIONS • Defensive IW • Offensive IW • Assurance COMMAND AND CONTROL • Commanders Internet • Situation Monitoring • Planning and Replanning FORCE ENHANCEMENT • Mobile • Lethal • Sustainable • Flexible

3. GIG: A Conceptual View • Entities • Sources and users of information • Diversity of information needs • Type, quantity, timeliness • Change as a function of mission & situation • Information infrastructure (II) functional decomposition • Layer concept. Each layer: • Provides services to layer above • Receives services from layers below • Dynamically adapts to meet information needs of entities • Tightly coupled to each other to permit adaptation as an integrated system Entities (Objects) Applications People Net-Centric Enterprise Services UAV’s Distributed Computational Resources Force Structures Intranetworked Information Transport Logistics Platforms Robots Weapons Sensor Platforms Weapon Platforms Sensors Power to the Edge

4. Emerging Network Centric Capabilities Enabled by the GIG • Improve collaboration and carry out surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting at all levels of command • Improve decision support to decrease C2 decision cycle times • Smaller, highly mobile forces • Command and Control on the Move (COTM) • Facilitate rapid force deployment and flexible unit composition • Facilitate Machine to Machine communication “behind the dashboard integration” • Move beyond Situational Awareness to “Situational Understanding” • “Eliminate the human intermediary as a conduit of information” (target coordinates, tasking, etc.) • Eliminate the ‘seams’ between operational stages, multi-national forces, and decision makers • Improve timeliness of Sensor cueing and cooperative engagements (i.e. mid-course weapon updates from remote sensors)

5. World-wide acceptance and use Packet-switched Internet transport Provides common-user, integrated services framework Provides standardized interface between Application and Transport Services Used over many network-level protocols (Ethernet, ATM, WAP…) GIG: IP Based Services and Information Types Multimedia Services Telephony Services Data Video Internet Protocol (IP) Internetwork Layer ... Copper Cable Fiber Cable Terrestrial Wireless Space Telecomm Transport Media The convergence layer! Facilitate Interoperability

6. Features of IP Networking GIG: Network of Networks • Basic IP is a connectionless network • IP Networking makes it easier to scale • Services and applications not tightly integrated with network infrastructure • Keeps complexity out of network core • Allows fast creation of new services • Designed for information sharing • Allows for autonomous decisions by network nodes in processing each packet • Packets carry globally meaningful addresses • Distributed processing throughout the network • Provides for redundancy, improves scalability

7. TCS Tier 4 Global Coverage Global-Area Network DWDM GEOS LEOS Tier 3 Wide Area Coverage Wide-Area Network Aircraft R Medium-Area Network Tier 2 Inter-Team Coverage R R AAVs R = Internet Router or JTRS WNW JTRS R R R R R R R R R R R R Local Area Network Tier 1 Team Coverage Ground Based Radio R UGS Land Line (wire or fiber) JTRS People Weapons Sensors GIG-BE GIG-BE ODXC Build The Net GIG: Transport Layer

8. Optical Mesh IP Network Integrated GIG Network TCA SATCOM Incorporates mobile/tactical users and global intelligence via optical cross links and EHF IP links Net-Centric Enterprise Services Provides information and data services to all GIG users Core Enterprise Services (9) + Application Program Interfaces Defense in Depth Op-IntelDataApplications Processes Key Net-Centric Initiatives Roadmap FY04 FY 05 FY 06 FY07 FY08 FY09 Policy & Architecture Guidance UCS Directive IPV6 Implementation Completed (Goal) Arch/NCOW Reference Model UCS Implementation Joint Tactical Radio System Software Communications Architecture Provides IP-based, self-managed, BLOS, mobile data and voice communications services Cluster 1 Vehicular & Army Rotary Wing Cluster 2 Handheld Cluster AMF (Airborne, Maritime & Fixed Station) Cluster 5 Small form fit IOC Cluster 1 IOC Cluster 2 IOC Cluster AMF small IOC Cluster AMF large IOC Cluster 5 Handheld/manpack ? (Spiral 1) (Spiral 2) IOC Cluster 5 other form fits ? GIG Bandwidth Expansion Optical Bandwidth to Ground Sites ELIMINATE BANDWIDTH CONSTRAINTS Provides ubiquitous, secure, robust optical IP foundation network Optical Bandwidth to STEP and Teleport sites IPV6 FOC IOC 1 2 3 4 TSAT (CY11 Launch) Wideband Gapfiller Optical IP Networking for Joint Operations Centers and ISR locations Optical Bandwidth Support for Additional Global Hawk UAVs Reachback Capabilities for Deployed Forces Wideband Networking for UAVs and Other ISR Block 2 (All CESs) in 3 Spirals Block 1 (All CESs) in 3 Spirals - Enterprise Systems Management - Messaging - Discovery - Mediation - Collaboration - User Assist - IA/Security - Storage Services - Application DEPLOY TRUSTED SERVICES Information Assurance Programs Enables trusted computer, networking, and data services to all GIG users CAC Fully Deployed 40 Gb Terrestrial HAIPE IP Identity Mgmt Infrastructure (PKI, Biometrics); Network Defense (Enterprise Sensor Grid) 10 Gb Terrestrial HAIPE IP 1 Gb Terrestrial HAIPE IP 40 Gb Space HAIPE IP(FY2010) Horizontal Fusion Portfolio Global Net-centric Surveillance and Targeting Multi-INT Fusion for Warfighters Automated Tagging of Selected Sensor and Combat Support Data Improved Strategic & Tactical C2 Collaborative Collection Management IMPROVE SENSEMAKING Improved Shared Access to Collateral ISR data Means/tools to enable the smart pull and fusion of data by users Improved Shared Access to Combat Support Data Net-Centric Enterprise Services ISR Battle Management Deployment of Collaborative Applications to Joint Commanders Power To The Edge ForceNet Deployable CJTF HQs Future Combat System (FCS) Net-Centric DCGS (examples)

9. MIT/LL ER MSPP ER NSA ER ER NRL GIG: DoD Investments • The Global Information Grid Development Strategy • Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) • GIG Bandwidth Expansion (GIG-BE) • Transformational Communication Satellite (TCS) • Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) • Information Assurance (IA) • E2E Systems Engineering A Subset Of Several Key Initiatives

10. Space DOMA I NS OPE R A T I ONA L Airborne Maritime/ Fixed Station • Ground Forces • Hand held • Dismounted • Vehicular Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)A Transformation Enabler Current Systems (25-30 Families) (750, 000 Radios) Common Open Standards Architecture & Technology Base Joint Solution (1 Family) • Navigation • Positioning • Location • Identification • Air to Ground • Air to Air • Ground • to • Ground • SATCOM AN/PSQ-6A EPLRS AN/ARC-210 AN/WCS-3 UHF SATCOM/LOS AN/ARC-201A SINCGARS ANPRC-119 SINCGARS replaces Legacy WaveformsCommercial Waveforms New Military Waveforms AN/PSC-5 JTRS – a family of common Radios and Waveforms built around a standard open Software Communications Architecture

11. Why JTRS Is Transformational • Provides a family of SW programmable radios to enable Network Centric Warfare. • Allows for increased interoperability (ultimate solution), technology insertion and spiral development. • Eliminates duplicative radio development efforts and multiple legacy radio systems by consolidating requirements within functional domains. • Enables connectivity to allied/coalition, civil and national authorities. Most importantly: Provides capability for mobile ad-hoc network to achieve network centric capability.

12. RF EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION POLICY • ASD (NII) memorandum of June 17, 2003 Subject: Radio Frequency (RF) Equipment Acquisition Policy “A recent Department of Defense study and continued technology advancements indicate that expanding the scope of the JTRS/SCA to all waveforms above 2 MHz frequency is now viable. Therefore, to enhance our warfighting capabilities and to improve integration of our communications systems through networking technologies, the reference radio Acquisition Policy [August 28, 1998] is hereby modified to specifically reflect that all such systems, including those operating above 2 GHz, are required to be developed in compliance with JTRS/SCA. The policy is now applicable to all communications waveforms/systems that operate at or above 2 MHz….”

13. PBX LAN Legacy Switched Network(s) MAN1 MAN1 Wide Area Fiber Network IP Router Network(s) Wireless tails MAN1 1. Metropolitan Area Network GIG Bandwidth Expansion • Provides ubiquitous, secure, robust optical Wide Area Network Internet Protocol (IP) foundation network

14. GIG Bandwidth Expansion • Investment $800+M • FY03: $500+M • Requests for Proposals • Contract awards • Site surveys • Installations begin • FY04: $300M • Complete al installations • Provide minimum 100 Mbps per site per service • Optical IP terrestrial backbone with a ubiquitous presence. Mitigates constraints in terrestrial bandwidth. • Diverse physical access to the network, the near term effort secure, robust • CONUS & OCONUS • Key to integrated net-centric transformation Tomorrow: Today: IP - CENTRIC TDM - CENTRIC Legacy Voice Video GSR (COINS) SCI IP Unclassified IP Secret IP Voice, Video, and Data at Unclassified, Secret, and SCI NIPR SIPR JWICS AFSCN DSN DRSN DVS IP IP ATM IP ATM MSPP DWDM SONET/TDM DWDM FIBER FIBER FIBER

15. Transformational Satellite Communications • Integrates mobile/tactical users and global intelligence services via IP (optical comm links and EHF, Ka and X-band)

16. Transformational Communications (TC) Vision Network of Networks An internet-like transport architecture between space, air and ground nodes • Integrated Space, Air and Ground Networks • Global access to deployed / mobile Users (COTM) • Timely delivery of air and space data to Theater and CONUS (AISR, SISR support) • Automated, dynamic, high assurance network operations • Increased capacity and connectivity: RF and laser communications network Enable Future Innovations and Growth Through A Flexible Yet Secure Network Architecture

17. H A I P E BLACK Transit Network Red IP (Secret) Black IP Information Processing Node SCIF Top Secret Red IP (SBU) Secret Confidential Top Secret SBU = Sensitive But Unclassified HAIPE = High Assurance IP Encryption International Partner SBU GIG: Fundamental Shift in Information Management and Assurance • Information and services accessed ubiquitously by authorized users -- both human and automated • Based on a metadata construct & globally shared services • Environment that recognizes who you are, and limits access based on, who and where you are • Fully IP-based highly available network providing: • Converged voice, video, data and imagery • Highcapacity and sufficiently secure to support communications requirements of mission critical users • Support for fixed and ad hoc COIs – (dynamic, adaptive, self reconfiguring) • Seamlessand secureend-to-end interconnected information environment • Secure interoperability – within/ across DoD, IC and other Government, industry, international partners • Commoninfrastructure support -- network management, performance monitoring, security management, attack sensing and response, etc. • Strong focus on leveraging commercial technologies • Augmented to meet DoD’s mission critical user requirements (availability, confidentiality, integrity) Fundamental transformation in information management, communication, and assurance

18. Pulling It All TogetherSystems Engineering Test Facility

19. GIG & EIE MA E2E Systems Engineering Oversight ASD(NII) / DoD CIO This is a matrix organization – people functionally support the E2E Systems Engineering Oversight process Senior GIG & EIE MA Systems Engineer (NII) Members: Senior Sys Engineering Rep from: Army, Navy, AF, USMC, AT&L, USD(I), DOT&E, Joint Staff J-6, STRATCOM, JFCOM, IC, DISA, NSA GIG IA SPO, TCO, TCM MJPO, GIG-BE SPO, JTRS JPO, NCES SPO, GIG Architect, and E2E Eval Facility Chair: Senior GIG & EIE MA Systems Engineer (NII) GIG & EIE MA Senior Systems Engineering Board GIG E2E Evaluation Facility (NRL) Focus Areas (form/disband as required) GIG & EIE MA End-to-End Systems Engineering Working Group Chair (DISA) QoS Chair Enterprise Services Chair NETOPS Chair Apps & Data Chair Net Mgt Chair (NSA) Information Assurance Chair Transport “Sub-Working Groups” & Tiger Teams “Sub-Working Groups” & Tiger Teams HAIPE “Tiger Team” …for each area …for each area

20. Systems Engineering Influencing Standards Process Setting Using Influencing GIG & EIE MA E2E Systems Engineering Oversight Activity DoD CIO Programs IT Standards Registry PM Selects Standards GIG & EIE MA E2E SE: • Interface Management • E2E interface and cross-network analysis • Interoperability assessment evaluations IT Standards Committee PM Delivers ISPs* *ISP—Information Support Plan

21. DISA Terrestrial GIG/ GIG-BE Testbed DISA Teleport Testbed MUOS GIG E2E Evaluation Facilities Extensive Industry & Service Participation in all Venues JTRS Network Testbed Airborne Network Testbed GIG E2E Evaluation Facility Core A Loaded and Stressed Network … Emulates “War of the Future”! WIN-T Testbed JTRS-TSAT-GIG connectivity example High-speed network connections • TSAT Testbed (MIT/LL) • Optical Comm Testbed • RF Testbed • Network Testbed FORCENET Testbed JITC IC Network Testbed JTEO JDEP A Place to Test Early and Test Often

22. NATO Network Centric Capability • Feasibility Study and Coordinated CONOPs • Common standards, interfaces, and protocols between core segments of the NATO networks • Framework for Inter domain transport management and control, routing protocols, and Information Assurance

23. Program of Record Execution Moving All Service Programs to Meet the Vision Address Coalition and International Participation Information Assurance Performance & Scalability End – to – End Engineering and Test GIG End-to-End Near Term Focus Understand and reduce the risk