Overview of Aero-Space Technology Programs

1. Overview of Aero-Space Technology Programs Phase-out of AST Partnership Implications Rich Christiansen Director, Programs Office of Aero-Space Technology Termination of HSR Programs Proposed for FY2000 Institutional Implications Evolving to an Aero-Space Base Technology Implications Formulating the FY2001 Program

2. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 • Space Station • Operation Desert redesign • Vice President Storm accepted & publishes report • Airbus Eastern Airline commit to on aviation Industrie files Chapter 11 partner with safety, security achieves Bankruptcy Russia & air traffic 50% • Pan Am makes • Airbus Industrie modernization share last flight achieves 33% 7 years share 1 year early early Market and Policy DriversThe World Since 1990… • Lockheed & • Boeing & McDonnell- U.S. share Martin- Marietta • Douglas announce of civil announce • US Airline balance sheets in the black merger transports merger below 70% •

3. Phasing Out the AST Program • Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) • Early initiation (FY94) with some new money • High technology markets/boost to economy • Aviation industry in downturn • Change in Administration Perspectives • Driven by Balanced Budget Agreement =>Agency budget caps • Criticism of affordability objectives and benefit to the public (vis manufacturers)

4. AST Phaseout • AST • Aging A/C • Noise Reduction • TAP • AATT • Integrated Wing • Propulsion • CTR • Tech Integration • Envir. Assessment • Composites • General Aviation FY 97 IAR • AST • Safety • Environment • Capacity • Economic • Affordability • • • • Program Termination • AST • Safety • Environment • Reduced Seat Cost • ReCAT • • • • • Aviation Capacity FY 98 IAR • AST • Safety • Environment • General Aviation • Reduced Seat Cost FY 99 IAR FY 00 • AST • Safety comp. 9/98 • Environment • General Aviation • Reduced Seat Cost • R&T Base • Noise red. • General Aviation • UEET • Emissions red. • Envir. Asssmnt * ReCAT - Reduced Cost of Air Travel

5. Termination Of HSR Program • High Speed Research (HSR) • Phase II initiated (FY94) with new money • High technology markets/boost to economy • Potential to capture billions in market share • Change in Business Case for HSCT • While significant reductions made in technology risk, projected launch date extended additional 10 years • Impetus for Boeing investment at current rate curtailed • Health of Subsonic Market/No Foreign Competition • Change in Administration Perspectives • Driven by Balanced Budget Agreement =>Agency budget caps • Shift in long-term investment priorities (Space)

6. High-Speed Civil TransportTechnical Development Timeline 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Decision Points 1. Decision to proceed with the remainder of Phase IIA (technology feasibility) NASA HSR Phase I HSR Phase II HSR Phase IIA Requirements Phase 2. Decision to proceed with an airframe follow-on Program (propulsion technology success) HSR Phase IIA Propulsion Focus Propulsion Focus $500M Propulsion/Airframe Technology Readiness Airframe Focus Industry Preliminary Design and Industry Technology Development Propulsion/Airframe Technology Readiness Engineering/Manufacturing Readiness Product Development TERMINATED

7. Institutional Implications • Redeployment of workforce • Sustain inhouse workforce -> no RIF • Shift from traditional aeronautics activities • Attempt to quell erosion of core competencies • Significant reduction in contract workforce • Potential loss of key facilities • Worsens serious backlog in maintenance • Threatens additional reduction in operations, potential closures • Likelihood of rehabilitation/modernization of aging facilities more remote

8. Aero-Dollar Expentitures for Research Centers FY99 58% inhouse CofF R&D Support Boeing GE PW Top Ten Companies Or Alliances By Total Contract Obligations R&D R&PM Net R&D

9. Aero-Dollar Expentitures for Research Centers FY00 73% inhouse CofF R&D Support Top Ten Companies Or Alliances By Total Contract Obligations Boeing,GE,PW R&D R&PM Net R&D

10. Technology Implications • Vehicle Technologies • Decimates research in traditional performance disciplines (aerodynamics, structures & materials, propulsion) • No focus on reduced CO2 emissions

11. Vehicle Technologies Decimated > -70% HSR IIA Environmental and Vehicle Technology HSR II

12. Technology Implications • Vehicle Technologies • Decimates research in traditional performance disciplines (aerodynamics, structures & materials, propulsion) • No focus on reduced CO2 emissions • Atmospheric Research • Virtually eliminates focus on aviation effects • Marginal influence in on-going science activities

13. Atmospheric Research Impacted FY00 Budget and Revisions Planned Budget:Revised Budget: • AESA: $ 2.3 M $ 0.5 M (SOLVE campaign) • SASS: • ongoing NRA’s $ 4.7 M $ 3.5 M • field mission $ 2.6 M $ 0 • Total: $ 9.6 M $ 4.0 M

14. Technology Implications • Vehicle Technologies • Decimates research in traditional performance disciplines (aerodynamics, structures & materials, propulsion) • No focus on reduced CO2 emissions • Atmospheric Research • Virtually eliminates focus on aviation effects • Marginal influence in on-going science activities • Noise Reduction • No significant research beyond FY2002

15. Partnership Implications • FAA/EPA • Deep concern due to reliance on NASA’s ability to support their research and analyses • US leadership in International policy at risk • DoD • Loss of available National expertise for problem-solving in developmental or operational systems • Loss of key long-term, high risk vehicle & propulsion R&D • Industry • Sustaining sufficient engineering expertise for future development programs • Potential for lengthening gaps in technology transfer • Universities

16. Programs Proposed for FY2000 • Ultra Efficient Engine Technology • New Focused Program • Sustains inhouse aeropropulsion core competencies • Preserves some facilities operations • Continues research momentum on reduced NOX • No Noise Reduction • Falls short on system validation and user involvement

17. UEET Augments Remaining Vehicle Technology Investment FY99 runout level W/HSR FY00 runout level W/UEET Environmental and Vehicle Technology UEET

18. Programs Proposed for FY2000 • Synthetic Vision Project • Augmenting Aviation Safety Program • Sustains basic Flight Deck research from HSR • Increases number of concepts selected under previous NRA • Accelerates technology validation • Added research support for certification

19. Evolving to an Aero-Space Base • Everyone has demanded it • Administrator, Administration (OMB), Congress… • Not just moving money from one pot to another • Not just more hypersonics • It’s drawing on the technical and managerial experience from decades of basic and applied research in Aeronautics • Sustains and augments basic research aimed towards Agency priorities

20. Adv Space Trans Vehicle Technology ... p1 p2 pn ASTP Rsch Vehicle Sys Tech Ultra light Multi-funct High-Integrity Sys Reusability / Aging Sys Airframe & Struct Tech Prop Tech & Integ Ops / Range Tech (KSC) Propulsion & Power ... p1 p2 pn RBCC PDE Tech High Temp Prop Comp Prop Subsys Rsch Information Tech ... p1 p2 pn Veh Health Mgt Tech Integrating Aero & Space R&T

21. Level 2 Projects Enterprise Ultra-LiWT & Intg Multi Functional Systems Physics Adaptive Noise & Advanced Noise Goal Survivability High- Reusibility/ GA/ AGATE Based Aerospace Structural Vehicle Hyper-X Reduction Technologies GA/SATS Integrity Aging ACE Modeling & Vehicle Acoustics Concepts & Closeout Closeout Closeout Systems Systems Design Tools Technologies Technology Systems Increase Safety Reduce Emission Reduce Noise Increase Capacity Reduce Cost Reduce Travel Time Invigorate General Aviation Design Cycle & X- Planes Reduce Cost to Orbit Reduce Cost to Space DoD Synergy Airframe Systems Base Transition to Aero-Space Primary Secondary Support

22. Revolutionary Concepts (RevCon) • Revitalizes advanced concept studies within context of Goals • Competitive solicitations drawn from entire community with cost-sharing as a key multiplier • Identify innovations early • Accelerate development and inserts reality of flight • Adds excitement to the overall program

23. Formulating the FY2001 Program • Tactical considerations for gaining ground on strategic goal roadmaps • Noise & Emissions • Friendly Skies Initiative --> a planning framework for multiple programs/projects • Success will be highly dependant on Administration’s view of criticality and need for a National Policy (local air quality & noise) and for US Leadership in International Policy (Global Warming) • Best opportunity to revitalize traditional disciplinary work • Only opportunity to sustain noise reduction or contrails research beyond FY2001 • Substantial involvement of industry, FAA, and others • Also, move closer to DoD for support with propulsion and their growing noise and NOX issues

24. Potential Contributions Toward Emissions Goals and Related Programs Innovative Airframe CO2 reduction technology development can also improve total NOX reduction 25 Year NOX Goal Emissions Percent Reduction 25 Year CO2 Goal “Mini” Friendly Skies UEET Program Full-Up Friendly Skies Current AST Emissions Program (NOX Only)

25. Fuel Burn = 205,800 lbs 1995 EIS Technology Laminar Flow Control Design Optimization Excrescence Drag Reduction AERODYNAMICS  Fuel Burn = - 9% Composite Wing & Tails Composite Fuselage Light Weight Landing Gear Advanced Metals Aeroelastic Tailoring (AR) STRUCTURES  Fuel Burn = - 24% -124,100 lbs (-60%) Propulsion Aero-Mechanical Design Propulsion Hot Section Propulsion Materials Propulsion Secondary Systems PROPULSION  Fuel Burn = - 19% Relaxed Static Stability All Flying Control Surfaces Fly-By-Light/Power-By-Wire High Performance Navigation Intelligent Flight Systems SYSTEMS  Fuel Burn = - 8% Fuel Burn = 81,700 lbs POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN CO2 EMISSIONS

26. 1992 Engine 3 dB systems 1997 AST Airframe noise Noise Reduction 8 dB total source noise Engine Systems 8 dB 20 dB 10 dB Airframe Systems 3 dB 2007 2022 Modeling & Metrics Potential Reduction in Noise 5 dB AST 5 dB 3 dB source 2 dB Ops Operations 8 dB Fan Airframe Noise Core Flap Exhaust Slat Liners Gear PAI Weight Aerodynamics Precision trajectories Operations 4 dB Prec. ground tracks Impact/Effects

27. Formulating the FY2001 Program • Tactical considerations for gaining ground on strategic goal roadmaps • Safety & General Aviation (Doorstep to destination, safely) • Safe, Small Aircraft Transportation System (SSATS) Initiative (also, Highway in the Sky (HITS) --> a planning framework for multiple programs/projects • Recent public attention given to the safety side of General Avaition provides a favorable environment for advocacy • DOT/FAA and States driven by public accessibility to air travel and economic benefits of improved access • Builds on AGATE experience, extending advanced vehicle technologies and beginning emphasis on infrastructure

28. Policy, Technology & Partnership Lessons • Policy Lessons: • Long development programs are inherently unstable • The consolidation of Aeronautics industry will remain a challenging counter-argument against NASA • The more controversial and complex a program is, the more difficult it is to sustain support • Technology Lessons: • Hard jobs stimulate breakthrough technologies • Technology development benefits from focused requirement • Spin-off technologies (i.e., multiple use) has to be a criteria early in the requirements phase • Partnership Lessons: • Markets drive business decisions --> expect industry commitments to change over time • Other government agencies are subject to policy changes, as well as NASA --> and not necessarily uniform

29. Summary • Safety • Short • Snappy • Synergy • Support Colorado Springs