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1. Practice Quiz Chapter 1 Moral Sentiment Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 MAIN MENU To Exit: Press Escape

2. 1. The moral emotion of guilt is BEST defined by which of the following statements: A. it is a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized. B. it is a self-generated feeling of anxiety concerning some harm to another because of an action one has or has not performed. C. it is the feeling of distress over the suffering of another which was not caused by one's actions. D. it is the feeling of distress over harm to oneself due to some imprudent decision.

3. 2. Shame is BEST defined as: A. group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized. B. a self-generated feeling of anxiety concerning some harm to another because of an action one has or has not performed. C. a feeling of anxiety that results from failure to perform one's duty. D. loss of self-respect.

4. 3. Remorse is BEST characterized as: A. a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized. B. a feeling than an action should not have been done because it has caused harm to oneself. C. a distressful feeling resulting in the realization that an action should not have been done because it was wrong and has caused great harm to others. D. a feeling of distress in witnessing some harm done to others.

5. 4. All of the following statements are true about the feeling of sympathy EXCEPT: A. sympathy is distinct from empathy; empathy is the ability to read the emotions of others, while sympathy is also the feeling of distress over another's suffering. B. one does not necessarily have to be capable of empathy in order to have sympathy. C. sympathy involves both a feeling of horror and a feeling of relief; a feeling of horror over the sort of suffering the victim is undergoing, and a feeling of relief that you are not the one undergoing that suffering.. D. pity is distinct from sympathy in that it usually involves a patronizing element.

6. 5. Which of the following is the LEAST accurate statement • concerning psychopathy: • psychopaths have difficulty internalizing norms or standards; • however, they have a superficial or conventional understanding • of them, and can easily imitate them. • B. typically, the psychopath has difficulty expressing moral • emotions such as guilt, shame or remorse for acts that are • clearly harmful to others. • C. psychopaths are capable of developing a very strong sense of • duty and have a strict honor code. • D. many psychopaths have had attachment problems as children, • or have been raised by very abusive parents.

7. 6. Which of the following is the BEST characterization of the • wickedness (sociopathy): • the wicked person has a strong sense of good, but simply • does not have the moral strength or will to act on it. • B. since the wicked person believes that he is incapable of • doing good, or of becoming happy, he is motivated to destroy • the good and the innocent in others, in order to bring them • down to his level. • C. the wicked person will often show signs of remorse • for his actions. • D. the wicked person becomes happier the more he makes • others suffer.

8. 7. The internalization of moral standards occurs when, A. a person understands the difference between punishment and reward. B. a person understands the difference between right and wrong. C. a person willingly attempts to correct and control her behavior toward some standard without the need of external control or the fear of punishment. D. a person is motivated by reward and afraid of punishment.

9. 8. Moral sentiment is best described as: A. the ability to control or temper our desire for pleasure. B. the feeling of sympathy. C. the ability to do the right thing in a complex moral situation. D. a well-directed disposition of moral feelings which motivates a person to do what he or she believes is right.

10. 9. Moral sentiment can be expressed in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A. as a sense of duty or obligation towards others. B. as a desire to avoid punishment, in the sense that in the absence of the possibility of that punishment one would do whatever she liked. C. as a sense of honor. D. as a global feeling of caring for others.

11. 10. The sense of honor is BEST described by which of the following statements: A. the sense that one is a person of a certain sort and for whom certain kinds of conduct or behaviors are beneath you. B. the sense that one is obligated to perform certain actions towards others, given a particular role you have in an institution or practice. C. the admiration of a certain ideal of conduct as modelled in certain cultural heroes. D. a consistent feeling of distress over the undeserved suffering of others.

12. 11. The difference between sympathy and empathy is BEST expressed by which of the following statements: A. empathy involves the ability to recognize that another person is suffering, while sympathy is the feeling of distress over that suffering. B. in empathy one feels as the other who is suffering feels; in sympathy there is some distance and relief. C. empathy is possible for those in loving, intimate relations; while sympathy is the usual result for those concerned about person's particular kind of suffering. D.empathy is an emotional process; sympathy is a purely intellectual process.

13. 12. All of the following statements about duty are accurate EXCEPT: A. duties are usually associated with specific obligations we have towards others, relative to a certain role we are playing; for example, we have duties as a parent, as an employee, and as a citizen. B. duties are usually bound up more with the feeling of shame than with guilt. C. prima facie duties are those duties one should perform regardless of the specific roles you play; for example, duties such as truth-telling, promise-keeping, etc. D. providing nourishment, decent clothing, good schooling and emotional support for our children, would be good examples of parental duties.

14. 13. Which of the following statements BEST characterizes the sense of nobility: A. those who are motivated by nobility act mostly for the sake of status. B. those motivated by nobility are often willing to sacrifice their personal interests or goals for some collective good, or some cause that they consider greater than themselves. C. the sense that you are a person of a certain sort and that certain kinds of conduct or behaviors are beneath you. D. the sense that you are obligated to perform certain actions towards others, given a particular role you have in an institution or practice.

15. 14. Which of the following is the LEAST ACCURATE statement about Caring: A. In caring there is an emphasis on loving attachments, on preserving and strengthening existing relationships, while extending others; and within the context of those relationships, there is a deep concern to lessen the suffering of others, to want them to do well. B. caring can happen only among those in close relationships. C. a commitment, obligation, and responsibility to others is defined in terms of an understanding of the needs of others, and a responsiveness to those needs, rather than from a sense of duty. D. caring can be defined as a moral sentiment that derives commitments and a sense of obligation through emotional, sympathetic, and relational connection with others.

16. 15. Which of the following is the LEAST ACCURATE statement about Trust: A. Trust could be understood as a general confidence in the good will of others. B. Trust can be understood as a willingness to place what one values in the possession or power of another. C. Trust is an implicit or explicit confidence that others intend no harm, and can be counted on to work towards the good of those things held in common. D. Thick trust is best illustrated by the confidence we have that a stranger will not harm us as we walk past him on the street.

17. CORRECT Next question

18. D. it is the feeling of distress over harm to oneself due to some imprudent decision. INCORRECT Rationale: This is more of a case of regret. When we do something imprudent that harms us, we often regret those actions. Guilt is usually felt when we have done harm to another. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

19. C. it is the feeling of distress over the suffering of another which was not caused by one's actions. INCORRECT Rationale: Usually persons feel guilty when they have caused harm to another, especially if the harm is the result of a norm or rule they’ve violated. On the other hand, people can feel sympathy for the suffering of others, even though they have not been the source of that suffering. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

20. A. it is a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized. INCORRECT Rationale: Guilt is usually not group generated. A person can feel guilty even if no one else knows about the act in question. Shame is a moral emotion that is group-generated. Often, in order to feel shame, others must know about the action. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

21. CORRECT Next question

22. B. a self-generated feeling of anxiety concerning some harm to another because of an action one has or has not performed. INCORRECT Rationale: this is more of a description of guilt. Shame is usually group-generated, and the focus in shame is on one’s own failings, rather than harm to others. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

23. C. a feeling of anxiety that results from failure to perform one's duty. INCORRECT Rationale: usually shame is more associated with a sense of honor than with duty. Shame focuses on a failing in oneself rather than the non-performance of duties to others. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

24. D. loss of self-respect. INCORRECT Rationale: although shame can lead to loss of self-respect, this doesn’t quite capture all of its characteristics. There is a better answer. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

25. A. a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized. INCORRECT Rationale: this is a very good description of shame rather than remorse. Remorse is similar in some ways to shame, since it may occur in the context of some public forum, such as a trial, or a letter of apology, etc. Remorse has more to do with a sudden, or perhaps eventual realization that something a person has done is wrong, on the basis of the witness to the harm an action has caused. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

26. B. a feeling than an action should not have been done because it has caused harm to oneself. INCORRECT Rationale: this is a description of regret rather than remorse. Regret is usually expressed when persons have done something that has led to a harm to themselves. Remorse is more concerned with the harm caused others, than any harm to oneself. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

27. C. a distressful feeling resulting in the realization that an action should not have been done because it was wrong and has caused great harm to others. CORRECT Next question

28. D. a feeling of distress in witnessing some harm done to others. INCORRECT Rationale: this is more correctly a description of sympathy. Although person who has remorse feels distress over harm to others, it is because that person has caused the harm. Sympathy results from the suffering of others, without a person being the cause of that suffering. Tutorial on moral emotions Try again

29. A. sympathy is distinct from empathy; empathy is the ability to read the emotions of others, while sympathy is also the feeling of distress over another's suffering. INCORRECT Rationale: this is an accurate statement about sympathy. View Tutorial on Sympathy Try Again

30. B. one does not necessarily have to be capable of empathy in order to have sympathy. CORRECT Without empathy there could be no sympathy. One must first understand the emotion, before you can feel sympathy for it. Next question

31. C. sympathy involves both a feeling of horror and a feeling of relief; a feeling of horror over the sort of suffering the victim is undergoing, and a feeling of relief that you are not the one undergoing that suffering.. INCORRECT Rationale: this is an accurate statement about sympathy. View Tutorial on Sympathy Try Again

32. D. pity is distinct from sympathy in that it usually involves a patronizing element. INCORRECT This is an accurate statement about sympathy. View Tutorial on Sympathy Try Again

33. psychopaths have difficulty internalizing norms or standards; however, they have a superficial or conventional understanding of them, and can easily imitate them. INCORRECT This is an accurate statement about psychopathy. View Psychopathy Tutorial Try Again

34. B. typically, the psychopath has difficulty expressing moral emotions such as guilt, shame or remorse for acts that areclearly harmful to others. INCORRECT This is an accurate statement about psychopathy. View Psychopathy Tutorial Try Again

35. C. psychopaths are capable of developing a very strong sense of duty and have a strict honor code. CORRECT Psychopaths are not capable of developing a very strong sense of duty, or a strong honor code. Next question

36. D. many psychopaths have had attachment problems as children, or have been raised by very abusive parents. INCORRECT This is an accurate statement about psychopathy. View Psychopathy Tutorial Try Again

37. the wicked person has a strong sense of good, but simply does not have the moral strength or will to act on it. INCORRECT Rationale: This Is a description of moral weakness rather than wickedness. The wicked person has strength of will, but uses it in order to do others harm. View Tutorial on Wickedness Try Again

38. B. since the wicked person believes that he is incapable of doing good, or of becoming happy, he is motivated to destroy the good and the innocent in others, in order to bring them down to his level. CORRECT Next question

39. C. the wicked person will often show signs of remorse for his actions. INCORRECT Rationale: just the opposite---a wicked person desires to see another harmed. View Tutorial on Wickedness Try Again

40. D. the wicked person becomes happier the more he makes others suffer. INCORRECT Rationale: it is not that the wicked person becomes happier when others suffer. The wicked person wants to remove good from others, and bring them to his or her level. View Tutorial on Wickedness Try Again

41. A. a person understands the difference between punishment and reward. INCORRECT Rationale: even those who have not internalized norms can understand the difference between punishment and reward. Try again

42. B. a person understands the difference between right and wrong. INCORRECT Rationale: just understanding the difference between right and wrong is not sufficient for internalizing a norm. Try again

43. C. a person willingly attempts to correct and control her behavior toward some standard without the need of external control or the fear of punishment. CORRECT Next question

44. D. a person is motivated by reward and afraid of punishment. INCORRECT Rationale: most people, even if they have not internalized norms, are motivated by reward and punishment. Try again

45. A. the ability to control or temper our desire for pleasure. INCORRECT Rationale: this is a description of temperance. View tutorial on Moral Sentiment Try again

46. B. the feeling of sympathy. INCORRECT Rationale: sympathy is a moral emotion, moral sentiments are higher-order emotional configurations. View tutorial on Moral Sentiment Try again

47. C. the ability to do the right thing in a complex moral situation. INCORRECT Rationale: this is the definition of moral competence. Try again View tutorial on Moral Sentiment

48. D. a well-directed disposition of moral feelings which motivates a person to do what he or she believes is right. CORRECT Next question

49. A. as a sense of duty or obligation towards others. INCORRECT Rationale: duty is one of the more important ways in which we express our moral sentiment. View Tutorial on Duty Try again

50. B. as a desire to avoid punishment, in the sense that in the absence of the possibility of that punishment one would do whatever she liked. CORRECT Next question