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Endemism and the assessment of conservation priority

Endemism and the assessment of conservation priority. Brad Boyle, Brian J. Enquist, Michael D. Weiser University of Arizona. Conservation in the fast lane. Two complementary approaches Rapid Assessment Program Hotspots. Myers, et al., 2000. Hotspots Program.

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Endemism and the assessment of conservation priority

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  1. Endemism and the assessment of conservation priority Brad Boyle, Brian J. Enquist, Michael D. Weiser University of Arizona

  2. Conservation in the fast lane • Two complementary approaches • Rapid Assessment Program • Hotspots

  3. Myers, et al., 2000 Hotspots Program • Identifies global conservation priorities • Scale: • regional • usually one to several countries

  4. Rapid Assessment Program • Information for specific conservation actions • Scale: • Local • Specific region within single country

  5. Hotspots RAP indicators:

  6. Hotspots RAP indicators: risk

  7. Hotspots RAP indicators: risk diversity

  8. Hotspots RAP indicators: risk diversity endemism

  9. Hotspots RAP risk diversity endemism Conservation action

  10. Hotspots RAP risk diversity endemism Conservation action

  11. Endemism

  12. Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority

  13. Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However…

  14. Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However… • Typically “tallied” at the scale of entire countries

  15. Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However… • Typically “tallied” at the scale of entire countries • Little information at more local scales

  16. Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However… • Typically “tallied” at the scale of entire countries • Little information at more local scales • No standard baseline

  17. Can SALVIAS improve our ability to assess endemism?

  18. Plant endemism within the Mesoamerican Hotspot

  19. Mesoamerican Hotspot • 8 countries • 1.1 million sq km • 24,000 plant species • 5,000 endemic http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/mesoamerica/

  20. Mesoamerican Hotspot Within hotspot, how do major habitats and geopolitical subdivisions within hotspot differ in plant endemism, and hence conservation priority? http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/mesoamerica/

  21. Mesoamerican Hotspot Within hotspot, how do major habitats and geopolitical subdivisions within hotspot differ in plant endemism, and hence conservation priority? Globally, how do subdivisions within the Mesoamerican Hotspot rank in endemism? http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/mesoamerica/

  22. Data sources • Local inventories from SALVIAS database • Species distributions estimated from specimen records using SALVIAS distributed query

  23. Response variables • Calculated total and percent endemic species per plot Endemic species: entire range within 2.5 x 2.5 deg. lat x long (=78,000 km2; cf. Pitman et al., 1999)

  24. Categories: two regional subdivisions • Costa Rica • Southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz)

  25. Categories: five vegetation types

  26. Comparisons Within Mesoamerica • Total and proportion endemic species for each vegetation types in each sub-region Globally • Ranked Mesoamerican samples relative to entire global SALVIAS inventory dataset

  27. Number of inventories Global: 280 • Tenth ha plots by Gentry, Boyle, and others • > 20 individual data contributors

  28. Number of inventories Mesoamerican hotspot: 33

  29. From 23 herbarium specimen databases using SALVIAS Species ranges

  30. Data returned by SALVIAS Species (fully determined) Specimens

  31. Data returned by SALVIAS Species (fully determined) • Global dataset 7,369 • Mesoamerican plots 909 Specimens

  32. Data returned by SALVIAS Species (fully determined) • Global dataset 7,369 • Mesoamerican plots 909 Specimens • Total 1.9 million • Total, non-cultivated, with coordinates 1.2 million

  33. How does endemism differ within the Mesoamerican Hotspot?

  34. Endemism rankings of Mesoamerican 0.1 ha plots

  35. Highest-ranking Mexican plots tropical dry forest or premontane rain forest

  36. Highest-ranking Costa Rican plots all wet forest, all elevations

  37. Lowest-ranking Costa Rican plots mostly tropical dry forest

  38. Total endemics

  39. Proportion endemics

  40. How does Mesoamerican plant endemism rank globally?

  41. Global rankings

  42. Mesoamerica

  43. Top 5%

  44. Mata Atlantica, Brazil

  45. New Caledonia

  46. Choco biogeographic province

  47. Andean montane forests

  48. Amazonian foothill forests

  49. Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism • Nearly fourfold variation • Differences between regions depended on vegetation types…

  50. Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism • Costa Rican dry forest • ranked last in both total and percent endemics

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