Information Technology Ms. Abeer Helwa

1. Information Technology Ms. Abeer Helwa

2. Software

4. 1) Operating system Examples of operating system: • MS DOS. • MS Windows (98 – Me – 2000 – XP – Vista – 7). • MAC OS. • UNIX.

5. 1) Operating system Types: a. GUI (Graphical User Interface): It shows images and icons. b. Command Line Interface: Not graphical user interface and it shows text only.

6. OS Types: 6

7. Operating system Tasks • Execute the internal commands stored in ROM when you turn on the computer. • Test the input and output devices to verify their workability. • Show the graphical user interface after booting.

8. 2) Application Software Special software to do special functions.

9. Examples of Applications • Microsoft word: It is used to write and format texts, insert tables and pictures. • Microsoft Excel: It is used to calculate operations and create charts. • Microsoft Access: It is used to create database and insert data into it.

10. Examples of Applications • Internet Explorer: It is used to open websites on the Internet. • Microsoft PowerPoint: It is used to design slides for business and education. • Macromedia Flash: It is used to create animated pictures.

11. Computer Networks

12. Network Definition It is a set of tow or more connected computers to share resources.

13. Advantage of using Networks • Information sharing. • Resources sharing (printers). • Software sharing. • Information protection (user names and passwords) • Emails.

14. Network Types • LAN. • WAN.

15. 1) LAN ( Local Area Network) It is a group of computers connected together in the same region or limited area.

16. 2) WAN (Wide Area Network) It connects distant computers on different building or may be other countries using telephone lines or satellite.

17. Main Parts of network architecture 1) Client: It is a computer connected to the network and hasn’t any control privilege. 2) Server: It is a computer that is responsible for controlling network resources. 3) Resources: All files, printers and other hardware or software that the network users can share.

18. Network hardware 1) HUB: It has many ports to connect all computers into it to facilitate sending and receiving messages. 2) Cables: They connect the computers with the hub.

19. Network hardware 3) Network Cards: It connects the wire to the computers. 2) Modem: It is used to connect the computer to the internet.

20. Internet(International Network) It is a network which connects the world together making it as a small village.

21. Intranet(Internal Network) It is a network used in companies which uses browser to deal with the files in the network company.

22. Extranet(External Network) Private network which uses the internet services to provide access to its customers.

23. Telephone Networks: 1) PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). 2) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). 3) ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line). Note: All of these networks need a modem to work.

24. Modem It is a telephone communication card to enter any telephone network. The speed of modem called Transfer rate and it is measured by bps (bit per second). Transfer rate: the download speed from the internet to the computer.