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COMP541 Datapaths I

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COMP541 Datapaths I

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    1. 1 COMP541 Datapaths I Montek Singh Mar 8, 2007

    2. 2 Topics Over next 2/3 classes: datapaths Basic register operations Book sections 7-2 to 7-6 and 7-8 Computer datapaths First part of Chapter 10

    3. 3 Parts of CPUs Datapath The registers and logic to perform operations on them Control unit Generates signals to control datapath

    4. 4 Memory and I/O Are connected to the data/control in and out lines Example: register to memory ops

    5. 5 Microoperations Basic operations of the datapath Example: moving data from one register to another Not necessarily microprogrammed control Just a description of operations Microoperation expected to complete in one clock Register transfer notation, next

    6. 6 Register Transfer Language (RTL) Registers named in uppercase PC, IR (instruction), R3 Little endian

    7. 7 RT Transfer from R1 to R2 R2 ? R1 R2 is destination R1 is source Conditional If(K1 = 1) then (R2 ? R1) K1: R2 ? R1 as a shorter form

    8. 8 Transfer Transfer at the clock edge When K1 is high n bits wide

    9. 9 Symbols Note memory transfers

    10. 10 Syntax not Verilog (but similar)

    11. 11 Types of Microoperations Transfer – have just looked at Arithmetic Logic Shift

    12. 12 Arithmetic Basic ops (not multiply, divide) R0 ? R1 + R2 Subtraction by 2’s complement

    13. 13 Notation is Shorthand for Hardware Consider and Note overflow and carry registers

    14. 14 Logic Microoperations OR notation a little confusing shows two types of syntax for ORs

    15. 15 Shift Microoperations Here just the basic one-bit shifts Bit falls off the end, zero shifted in

    16. 16 Multiplexer-Based Transfers Consider Which can also be expressed as Block diagram next

    17. 17 Multiplexer Block Diagram Detailed block diagram next

    18. 18 Detailed Simpler version is easier to follow and to derive

    19. 19 Bus-Based Transfers How about when there are lots of registers? Beyond a certain point muxes become unwieldy Can use buses and send data over common set of wires

    20. 20 Simple Cases One mux One output bus

    21. 21 Transfers Can’t be as general Only single source About ˝ the hardware

    22. 22 Three-State Bus Remember three-state drivers allow having multiple outputs share wire Have to control so only one is asserted Example next

    23. 23 Same Example with 3-State One R output Enable controls Load controls which latches Fewer wires Especially important outside chip

    24. 24 Memory Transfers Usually one or more buses associated with memory Address Data Note that memory can be slower, so may have to use complex timing Address on one clock cycle Data latched at later clock cycle

    25. 25 Datapath Blue signals generated by control A&B buses to ALU B can be constant from memory Can also send addr and data

    26. 26 R1?R2+R3 Signals Load enable A, B select MB Select MF Select G Select Destination (D) What about timing?

    27. 27 Timing All can occur in one clock, but Signals must be available in time to propagate through muxes, ALU and Be at R inputs by next posedge Go back and look at path

    28. 28 Next Look at specific MIPS design Next time Continue design review of ALU Look at shifter

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