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Study of Life Themes

Study of Life Themes. Themes . Science as a process of inquiry questioning & investigation Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society. Science as a process of inquiry.

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Study of Life Themes

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  1. Study of Life Themes

  2. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • questioning & investigation • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

  3. Science as a process of inquiry

  4. Science as a process of inquiry • Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses

  5. Charles Darwin Evolution • Core theme of biology

  6. Natural selection • Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms haveadaptations.

  7. "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." -- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973 Geneticist, Columbia University (1900-1975)

  8. Evolution explains unity & diversity • Unity • what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? • common biochemistry & physiology • evolutionary relationships • connected through common ancestor • Diversity • but why are there differences? • natural selection • adaptations allow different individuals to survive in different environments

  9. Organizing systems • Making sense out of the diversity • Hierarchical scheme Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

  10. 3 Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

  11. Energy transfer • Life is an open system • need input of energy • energyflows through • energy comes in,energy goes out • need a constant input • need input of materials • nutrients are recycled around & around nutrients ENTROPY RULES! DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!

  12. Energy utilization You think they’re eating…They’re harvestingenergy!

  13. Continuity & change • Continuity of life is based on heritableinformation in the form of DNA • DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next T R A I T You can make more,a lot like you!

  14. Form follows function • The alignment of structure & function is seen at all levels of biology organ organism organelle cell

  15. Regulation • Organisms need to maintain a “steady state” in the face of changing conditions • maintain homeostasis • achieve this through feedback • monitor the body like a thermostat • turn on when it’s needed, off when its not

  16. Interdependence • No organism is an island standing alone • communities, ecosystems

  17. Science, technology & society • Science & technology must function within the rules of society • ethics

  18. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • questioning & investigation • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

  19. Why study themes of Biology? • Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge • too much to memorize it all • need to generalize • create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge • themes are the key to understanding the nature of living organisms

  20. Scientific Methods and Processes There is no “THE”!!

  21. Process of Science • Observation • Any phenomenon can be more fully understood by observation. • Hypothesis • Use of inductive reasoning to form an explanation for the observed phenomenon. • An “If….then…..” statement that is testable and based on prior knowledge.

  22. Process of Science • Experiments • Use of inductive reasoning to form an appropriate experimental design. • Control Group “What would have happened anyway” • Model • Repeatable • Several formats used by different scientists in different fields. • Data • Observable, objective results of an experiment. • Can be summarized in graphs, charts or diagrams.

  23. Conclusion • Data must be analyzed in order to reach a conclusion as to whether or not the hypothesis is supported. • Findings must be reported in scientific journals so methodology and data are open for inspection and repetition. “Real World” • Error Analysis

  24. Scientific Theory • Scientific Theory - Joins together two or more related hypotheses. • Supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data. • Answers the “Why?” • Scientific Principle / Law - Theory, or set of theories, generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists. • States the “What.”

  25. Controlled Study • Independent Variable • Factor of the experiment being tested. • Also called “manipulated” or “experimental”. • Dependent Variable • Result that occurs due to the experimental variable. • Also called “responding”. • In a valid experiment there is only 1 variable.

  26. Classic Experiment • Hypothesis • Prediction • Experimental Design • Control Group • Test Groups • Results • Conclusion

  27. ANY QUESTIONS?

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