Study of life

1. Study of life Premedical course - Biology

2. Watson and Crick in 1953 concluded that DNA is the chemical basis of heredity� we want to study life, physiology and the construction, we must all study on the minimum level, to learn as much as possible information. These two approaches are related. if we study all live on the smallest level, we find that all fundamental is common to all types of living organisms or all is functionally or structurally, related. Watson and Crick in 1953 concluded that DNA is the chemical basis of heredity� we want to study life, physiology and the construction, we must all study on the minimum level, to learn as much as possible information. These two approaches are related. if we study all live on the smallest level, we find that all fundamental is common to all types of living organisms or all is functionally or structurally, related.

3. Levels of Biological Organization Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems The Biosphere Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs + Organ Systems Obor-field similar cells are grouped in the tissue specific arrangement of tissues form organs organs are represented by organ system organ systems form an organism a kind are organisms that are able to reproduce among themselves population represents one type of organisms that occur in a certain place population of different species living in the same area creates community. community relations, between organisms and inanimate elements make up the ecosystem Obor-field similar cells are grouped in the tissue specific arrangement of tissues form organs organs are represented by organ system organ systems form an organism a kind are organisms that are able to reproduce among themselves population represents one type of organisms that occur in a certain place population of different species living in the same area creates community. community relations, between organisms and inanimate elements make up the ecosystem

4. The uptake and processing of nutrients, excretion of wastes, response to enviromental stimuli, reproduction Eukaryota (organisms with nucleated cells), Kingdom Protista (flagellates, amoebae, algae, and parasitic protists), Phylum Protozoa (single-celled organisms), Class Sarcodina (having pseudopods)The uptake and processing of nutrients, excretion of wastes, response to enviromental stimuli, reproduction Eukaryota (organisms with nucleated cells), Kingdom Protista (flagellates, amoebae, algae, and parasitic protists), Phylum Protozoa (single-celled organisms), Class Sarcodina (having pseudopods)

5. is a free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1�mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. Research into the molular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model is a free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1�mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. Research into the molular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model

7. Muscle cells amended chemical energy to heat energyMuscle cells amended chemical energy to heat energy

9. endothermic animals maintain a constant body temperature exothermic animals exhibit wide body temperature variation Red robin Many biological processes are self-regulating, operating by a mechanism called feedback, in which an output or product regulates that process. Mammals and birds have a negative feedback system that keeps body temperature within a narrow range. When glucose in the blood vessels decline, the insulin release stops. endothermic animals maintain a constant body temperature exothermic animals exhibit wide body temperature variation Red robin Many biological processes are self-regulating, operating by a mechanism called feedback, in which an output or product regulates that process. Mammals and birds have a negative feedback system that keeps body temperature within a narrow range. When glucose in the blood vessels decline, the insulin release stops.

10. Quantity of the finished product is increased by an intermediate productQuantity of the finished product is increased by an intermediate product

12. Kind of bear spread on north polar region , Grizzly bear Thermostability Crossbreed Tailored to capture, hunting seals in water, Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store the water and reduse water lossKind of bear spread on north polar region , Grizzly bear Thermostability Crossbreed Tailored to capture, hunting seals in water, Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store the water and reduse water loss

13. SizeSize

14. During lag phase,bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions Exponential phase (sometimes called the log phase) is a period characterized by cell doubling During stationary phase, the growth rate slows as a result of nutrient depletion and accumulation of toxic products At death phase, bacteria run out of nutrients and die During lag phase,bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions Exponential phase (sometimes called the log phase) is a period characterized by cell doubling During stationary phase, the growth rate slows as a result of nutrient depletion and accumulation of toxic products At death phase, bacteria run out of nutrients and die

16. Sun-flower When a capillary tube filled with glucose is placed in a medium containing E.coli , the bacteria alter their locomotion so that they congregate near the opening of the tube. Ligand towards the receptor, because is attracted by chemical reaction force. Sun-flower When a capillary tube filled with glucose is placed in a medium containing E.coli , the bacteria alter their locomotion so that they congregate near the opening of the tube. Ligand towards the receptor, because is attracted by chemical reaction force.

17. Side grows - strawberriesSide grows - strawberries

19. Water flea = dafhnia Perloocky, Cladocera Cladocerans, water fleas Z�stupci kor��u Crustacea podtr�dy Phyllopoda r�du Cladocera. and development of embryo or seed without fertilization by a male Winiculture, wine-growing, brewery � bruvery, crayfish Water flea = dafhnia Perloocky, Cladocera Cladocerans, water fleas Z�stupci kor��u Crustacea podtr�dy Phyllopoda r�du Cladocera. and development of embryo or seed without fertilization by a male Winiculture, wine-growing, brewery � bruvery, crayfish

20. Most organisms form two different types of gametes. For example, in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, there are so-called "plus" and "minus" gametes. A few types of organisms, such as ciliates, have more than two kinds of gametes. Coalesce, merge, fuse Most animals (including humans) and plants reproduce sexually. Most organisms form two different types of gametes. For example, in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, there are so-called "plus" and "minus" gametes. A few types of organisms, such as ciliates, have more than two kinds of gametes. Coalesce, merge, fuse Most animals (including humans) and plants reproduce sexually.

21. where the two gametes fused in fertilization come from the same individual. They are bound and all the cells merge to form one new gamete.where the two gametes fused in fertilization come from the same individual. They are bound and all the cells merge to form one new gamete.

22. Characteristics of the living systems: high organization, orderliness dynamic system, maintain homeostasis metabolism - ability of energy consumption and transformation grow in terms of kind ability of development and adaptation in time � evolutional adaptation answer to outer stimulus - opened system exchange of molecules and energy ability of reproduction, life come from life

23. Thank you for your attention

24. Photosynthesis

30. Herbivores, carnivores, food chain, Herbivores, carnivores, food chain,

31. Cell respiration In general, generally, continuous need of energy Oxidation of glucose is similar for plants, animals, algae, bacteria Combustion is organic burningIn general, generally, continuous need of energy Oxidation of glucose is similar for plants, animals, algae, bacteria Combustion is organic burning

33. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide flavin adenine dinucleotide redoxNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide flavin adenine dinucleotide redox

34. Decarboxylation is any chemical reaction in which a carboxyl group (-COOH) is split off from a compound as carbon dioxid (CO2) Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of hydrogen (H2).Decarboxylation is any chemical reaction in which a carboxyl group (-COOH) is split off from a compound as carbon dioxid (CO2) Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of hydrogen (H2).

38. Fermentation and some types of bacteria) It is important in bread-making,brewing, and wine-making. It occurs in the muscles of animals when they need energy faster than the blood can supply oxygen. It also occurs in some kinds of bacteria (such as lactobacillie) and some fungi. It is this type of bacteria that converts lactose into lactic acid in yogurt, giving it its sour taste.and some types of bacteria) It is important in bread-making,brewing, and wine-making. It occurs in the muscles of animals when they need energy faster than the blood can supply oxygen. It also occurs in some kinds of bacteria (such as lactobacillie) and some fungi. It is this type of bacteria that converts lactose into lactic acid in yogurt, giving it its sour taste.