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Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP Case Study: Medical Waste Incineration in Barbados

Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP Case Study: Medical Waste Incineration in Barbados. by Thérèse N. Yarde National Project Coordinator Environmental Protection Department Barbados. Barbados. Most easterly Caribbean island Area: 166 sq. miles, 431 sq. km Population: ~280,000 Tropical climate

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Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP Case Study: Medical Waste Incineration in Barbados

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  1. Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP Case Study: Medical Waste Incineration in Barbados by Thérèse N. Yarde National Project Coordinator Environmental Protection Department Barbados

  2. Barbados • Most easterly Caribbean island • Area: 166 sq. miles, 431 sq. km • Population: ~280,000 • Tropical climate • Main industry: tourism • Main agricultural product: sugar cane • No air quality control/emission standards

  3. Convention Implementation (1) • Ratified June 2004 • Barbados is part of a UNEP/GEF pilot project for the development of NIPs in developing countries/countries in transition • Environmental Protection Department is the focal point for the Convention and the implementing agency for the NIP Project

  4. Convention Implementation (2) • Progress so far: • National Profile completed • Inventories completed • Pesticides • PCBs • Dioxins and furans • Impact Appraisal completed: • Identifies impacts of implementing the Convention nationally • Assesses Convention requirements and recommends/prioritizes necessary regulatory, legal, technical and administrative interventions to meet the requirements • NIP being prepared

  5. Dioxins and Furans Inventory • Annual releases (2003): 49.0 g TEQ • Emissions to air: 44.6 g TEQ • 87% of total from waste incineration: 42.7 g TEQ • 73% of total from medical waste incineration: 35.8 g TEQ (2 incinerators) • 70% of total from one medical waste incinerator: 34.4 g TEQ

  6. Medical Waste Incineration (1) • Queen Elizabeth Hospital • Public • 600 beds • Furnace where waste is ignited and left to burn without controls or APCS • Class 1 incinerator • No data about waste quantities, therefore activity rate was calculated using a standard rate of 3.91 kg/bed/day • May also take waste from private and public clinics and doctors’ offices • New (Class 2) incinerator proposed by hospital administration; could reduce emissions by 92%

  7. Medical Waste Incineration (2) • Bayview Hospital • Private • 24 beds • Small box furnace • Class 1 • No data about quantities, therefore used standard 3.91 kg/bed/day

  8. Meeting BAT/BEP requirements • Best available techniques and best environmental practices are not being applied currently. • What should/could be done to meet the convention requirements for BAT/BEP as part of the national implementation plan/national action plans?

  9. Case Study Approach • Using the accompanying evaluation form*, the Convention and the BAT/BEP guidance, discuss what is necessary to meet obligations to promote/require and apply the use of best available techniques and best environmental practices for medical waste incineration in Barbados. • In what ways was the guidance helpful/not helpful in formulating the actions/interventions required and/or recommended? ____ * the form is a guide/discussion tool; results of your discussion do not have to follow the same format. However, do try to examine all the issues included on the form.

  10. Evaluation Form (1) • Obligations • Of regulatory agencies (EPD, other government agencies) • Of facility owners, operators, managers • Others (Convention Secretariat, UNEP, etc.)? • Recommended Interventions • What interventions (e.g. training for operators, emissions monitoring, new equiment) are necessary at this stage? • What interventions are desirable/voluntary at this stage? • What are the priorities for these interventions? • Just outline here, provide detail later.

  11. Evaluation Form (2) • Involved Institutions • May identify by name (UNEP, EPD, etc.) or by role/function (hospital management, environmental regulators, etc.) • What skills, knowledge and abilities exist in these institutions? • What responsibilities does each one have? • Actions required • Develop and provide details for the interventions identified earlier

  12. Evaluation Form (3) • Resources needed • Financial, technical, legal, administrative etc. • What is needed by which institution(s)? • Possible sources of resources? • Timelines for implementation • For each recommended intervention • Take into consideration the timelines included in the Convention • Challenges forecast • What difficulties may be experienced in implementing the recommended interventions? • Which institutions will face which difficulties?

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