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Early Civilizations of Africa. Chapter 11 Section 1. The Influence of Geography. There are three main geographic regions – from north to south – deserts, savannas, & tropical rainforests Geographic features form barriers or highways that allow people, goods, & ideas to move (how?). Trade.
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Early Civilizations of Africa Chapter 11 Section 1
The Influence of Geography • There are three main geographic regions – from north to south – deserts, savannas, & tropical rainforests • Geographic features form barriers or highways that allow people, goods, & ideas to move (how?)
Trade • Natural resources provided trade goods: salt, gold, iron, copper, & spices • Trade linked Africa to outside influences • Trade was made easier when camels were introduced – they were called the ships of the desertand could go for long distances without water
People and Ideas Migrate • Desertification caused many people to migrate out of the Sahara (why?) • Bantu migrations – the migration of West African farmers south and east between 1000 bc and 1000 ad that spread their language (Bantu) and skills
Nubia Flourishes along the Nile • Located to the south of Egypt in the present day Sudan • The Nubians were the cultural rivals of Egypt until they were invaded by the Assyrians • Meroe (capital of Nubia) formed a center of several trade networks and allowed Nubia to prosper • Meroe was also known for ironworking • Nubia fell to Axum around 350 ad
Outside Influences Affect North Africa • Carthage built as a Phoenician trading colony • after Carthage fell Rome ruled north Africa and used it as a cheap source of grain • Christianity also spread to Africa under Roman rule (Latin was their language) • Islam spread into North Africa around 700 ad and replaced Christianity as the dominant religion (Arabic was their language)
